HSC 101 Final Exam Practice Questions

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Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart?

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Aorta

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Which of the following describes the maximum pressure in the blood vessels?

Systolic Blood Pressure

Which of the following shuttles cholesterol away from the artery wall?

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High Density Lipoproteins

Which cluster of cardiac cells initiates an electrical impulse to make the heart beat (“the pacemaker”)?  

SA node

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What is the leading cause of death among all Americans (age 0-80)?

 Cardiovascular Disease

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Cardiorespiratory endurance is best defined as:

The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to the muscles

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The primary energy system used during a 1 Rep Max test is:

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ATP/ PC

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Which of the following outcomes are associated with regular physical activity?  (check all that apply)

Reduced systemic inflammation, Reduced symptoms associated with depression and anxiety, Reduced low density lipoproteins (LDL)

Which of the following statements is TRUE about hemoglobin? (check all that apply)

Hemoglobin carries oxygen through the blood stream

Hemoglobin is primarily composed of iron and protein

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Which of the following statements are true regarding blood vessels? (check all that apply)

Healthy arteries contain a layer of smooth muscle which allows them to vasoconstrict and vasodilate.

c.

Since veins are low pressure vessels, the "muscle pump" is needed to help facilitate blood flow back to the heart.

One alcoholic "drink" includes the following: (check all that apply)

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5 ounces of wine

d.

1\.5 ounces of 80 proof liquor

12 ounces of beer

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Which behavior is responsible for the largest number of deaths in the United States? ("the #1 Actual Cause of Death")

Tobacco

Sheila is 20 years old.  Which of the following values would be within her target exercise heart rate according to the traditional HR max formula? (check all that apply)

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120, 140, 160, 180

not 100

The term ______________________________ describes the amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat.

Stroke volume

Which of the following is an example of a low-impact, full-weight bearing exercise? (check all that apply)

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Walking, Climbing a flight of stairs

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Which of the following is an example of a non-impact, full weight bearing exercise? (check all that apply)

Elliptical Trainer, Adaptive Motion Trainer (AMT)

The equation (Heart Rate x Stroke Volume) x  (Arterial-Venous Oxygen Difference) equals:

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 Maximal Oxygen Consumption

Which globular shaped structures in the lungs allow for gas exchange?

Alveoli

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Which energy system has the ability to use carbohyrates, fats, and proteins and therefore has the ability to generate the greatest amount of ATP?

Aerobic

Which of the following statements about alcohol is/are TRUE? (check all that apply)

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 Ethanol is classified by the IARC as a group 1 "known human carcinogen", In adults over age 35, moderate drinkers tend to have lower rates of cardiovascular disease than non-drinkers., Moderate ethanol intake may increase HDL and reduce blood clots.

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

Right Ventricle

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According to the ACSM, which of the following exercise programs is recommended to maintain or improve cardiorespiratory fitness?

60 minutes of swimming, 3 days per week, 45 minutes of walking, 5 days per week, 20 minutes of cycling, 4 days per week

As a person’s cardiorespiratory endurance increases, which of the following should also increase? (check all that apply):

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Maximal oxygen consumption , Stroke volume, Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference

According to the CDC/ ACSM Guidelines for reducing mortality in sedentary Americans, 

"Americans should accumulate ____________________"

Select one:

30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity 5-7 days per week

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Which of the following statements regarding overtraining is/are TRUE? (check all that apply)

vertraining decreases natural killer cell activity and immune defense., The body responds to overtraining as stress and activates the "Fight or Flight" response., Overtraining is associated with increased risk of cardiac complications and musculoskeletal injuries.

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Which of the following statements about wellness is/are TRUE? (check all that apply)

Screen time" is associated with higher rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes., Tobacco contributes to more deaths than any other lifestyle behavior.

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Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) that is experienced 24-48 hours after an exercise bout is caused by lactate accumulation.

False

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What is the primary energy system used during a 60 second intense sprint?

Anaerobic

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Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? (check all that apply)

Atherosclerosis is initiated by damage to the endothelial cells., Atherosclerosis increases the risk for a heart attack or stroke., Oxidized LDL can lead to endothelial cell damage.

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For his HSC 101 workout, John rides the exercise bike on resistance level 1 and achieves an exercise heart rate of 90 bpm.  Which training principle is John NOT following?  (select the best answer)

Progressive Overload

Which of the following exercise programs meets the ACSM guidelines for resistance training to maintain or improve muscular strength and muscular endurance? (check all that apply)

The correct answers are: 2 sets of 12 repetitions, 3 sets of 10 repetitions

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During a/an __________________________ muscle action, the muscle LENGTHENS as it exerts force.

Eccentric

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Research suggests that resistance training can decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes. T or F

True

Which muscle is primarily used during the low back extension? (check all that apply)

Erector Spinae

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T or F Research strongly suggests that stretching can prevent the Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) that tends to occur 24-48 hours after an exercise bout.

False

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T or F In order to improve flexibility, muscles must be stretched to the farthest point possible.

False

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Which of the following techniques attempts to overcome the stretch reflex by contracting and then stretching a muscle?

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Which of the following exercises trains the deltoids? (check all that apply)

Shoulder Press, Chest Press

Which of the following outcomes is associated with regular resistance training? (check all that apply)

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Improved physical performance, Reduced risk of injury, Increased bone mineral density

Muscular strength is best defined as: 

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Ability to produce a single maximal force one time

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Which of the following muscles are recruited during the leg press? (check all that apply)

Quadriceps, Gluteals

Which of the following muscles is used during the Leg Curl? (check all that apply)

Hamstring

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Which of the following exercises trains the triceps? (check all that apply)

Chest Press, Push up

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Training with 50 repetitions of push-ups per set will result in a large gain in muscular _____________________and little or no gain in muscular _____________________.

endurance; strength

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Which of the following exercises effectively reduces body fat from the abdomen?

a.

Hoist Roc-it

b.

Abdominal crunches

c.

Planks

d.

Sit-ups

e.

Rotary Torso

f.

**None of the above**

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Which of the following traits are characteristics of fast twitch muscle fibers? (check all that apply)

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Maximal force production, Favor the anaerobic energy system, Used in sprinting/ explosive movements

 __________________ is a connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

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Tendon

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Which of the following exercises recruits the Latissimus Dorsi? (check all that apply)

Back Row, Diverging Lat Pull Down

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Which of the following muscles trains the biceps? (check all that apply)

Back Row, Bicep Curl

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Which of the following muscles are recruited during a calf raise? (check all that apply)

Gastrocnemius

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Which component of a whole gran contains protein, starch, and scant amounts of vitamins and minerals?

Endosperm

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________________ fiber binds with bile and excretes it from the body.  This usually results in a reduction in LDL.

Soluble Fiber

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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Omega 3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)? (check all that apply)

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) derived eicosanoids may lower inflammation.,

The American Heart Association recommends consuming 2 servings of fatty fish each week to obtain omega 3 fats, such as EPA.

 Which of the following is an example of a nutrient-poor food with complex carbohydrates?

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White bread

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True/ False?  Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver.

True

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Which of the following statement is/ are TRUE regarding refined carbohydrates, such as white bread and white rice?  (check all that apply)

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Refined carbohydrates contain the endosperm and bran of the grain.

b.

Refined carbohydrates contain more fiber, vitamins, and minerals than unrefined grains.

c.

Refined carbohydrates promote a diverse gut flora

d.

**Refined carbohydrates have a higher glycemic index than unrefined grains.**

To reduce the risk of heart disease, which type of fat should be used? (choose the best answer)

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Canola oil

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True/False?  Fibers are probiotics.  They CONTAIN live active healthy bacteria that promote a healthy and diverse gut flora.

False

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding saturated fats? (check all that apply)

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The correct answers are: Saturated fats are associated with elevated low density lipoproteins, Saturated fats are typically found in animal products

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Which nutrient was first isolated in spinach and reduces the risk for neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly?

The correct answer is: Folate/ Folic Acid

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Which of the following nutrients tends to increase blood pressure and is found primarily in processed foods?

The correct answer is: Sodium

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Which nutrient is manufactured by the body in the presence of sunlight and responsible for the mineralization of bones?

Vitamin D

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Which of the following artificial fats was recently banned by the FDA because they increase LDL and the risk for heart disease?:

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Trans Fatty Acids

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Which of the following macronutrients is the primary fuel during moderate to maximal exercise?

Carbohydrates

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According to the Institute of Medicine, which of the following meets current dietary recommendations for daily carbohydrate intake? (check all that apply)

60% of daily calories

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According to the FDA, if a nutrient is listed on a food label as 20% of the Daily Value then is would be considered: 

Low

b.

Moderate

c.

**High**

d.

Not enough information to answer this question

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Which nutrient is a component of hemoglobin and vital to our ability to transport oxygen through the blood?

iron

Which of the following is an *essential* omega-3 fatty acid found in chia seeds, flaxseed, chia seeds, canola oil, and walnuts?

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Alpha-linolenic Acid    

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Refining brown rice into white rice resulted in a condition called beriberi due to deficiency of: 

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Thiamin (B1)

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Which of the following fatty acids is/are associated with **increased** Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL). (check all that apply)

 Saturated Fatty Acids,

Trans Fatty Acids

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Obesity increases the risk for the following conditions:

Breast Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoarthritis, Gallstones

Which of the following statement(s) is/ are TRUE regarding healthful weight management programs? (check all that apply)

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The correct answer is: A calorie deficit can be achieved by lowering the energy density of meals.

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Obesity treatments that are "weight neutral" may be more effective at improving health outcomes than treatments that are "weight centric".

True

True or False? Carbohydrates contain more calories per gram than fat.

False

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Which of the following theories suggests that every body is programmed to function optimally at a certain weight and one’s body will fight to maintain that weight?

Set Point Theory

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Robyn severely restricts her food intake and has lost a significant amount of body weight.  Which of the following conditions is associated with this type of behavior? (check all that apply)

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The correct answers are: Amenorrhea, Muscle atrophy, Vitamin & Mineral Deficiencies

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE? (check all that apply)

The correct answers are: Eating from a large variety of food in one sitting encourages consumption., Convenience to a food encourages consumption., Eating from a large portion of food in one sitting encourages consumption.

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Which of the following is characteristic of Type II Diabetes?:

Decreased insulin sensitivity

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Resting Metabolic Rate is:

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The correct answer is: The energy required to maintain vital body functions.

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Android body fat distribution is associated with a higher risk for chronic disease because it could be an indicator of:

The correct answer is: Visceral Fat

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true regarding body composition assessment techniques?  (check all that are true)

The correct answer is: Underwater weighing is based on the fact that muscle is denser than water (it sinks) and fat is less dense than water (it floats).

Which of the following statements is correct regarding Body Mass Index (BMI)? (check all that apply)

Select one or more:

The correct answer is: On the population level, Body Mass Index is associated with the risk for premature morbidity and mortality.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE regarding the obesity epidemic? (check all that apply)

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The correct answers are: Overfeeding studies suggest that some individuals gain weight easier than others., Residents of Colorado are more likely to participate in regular physical activity than residents of Mississippi.

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Which of the following accounts for the majority of daily caloric expenditure?

The correct answer is: Resting Metabolic Rate

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What percentage of Americans are currently classified as overweight or obese according to Body Mass Index (BMI> 25 kg/m2)?

73\.6

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True or False?  Research suggests that dieting can lead to both obesity and eating disorders.

True

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True or False?  Fast food portion sizes have increased since the 1950s because Americans are more physically active now and require additional calories.

false

Adipose cells secrete the hormone _________________________ to control insulin sensitivity. 

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The correct answer is: Adiponectin

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Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose?

Insulin

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True or False?  Meal skipping and Intermittent fasting diets are effective ways to promote a healthy body composition.

False

During a myocardial infarction, blood flow through the ________________________ artery is reduced. (check all that appy)

Coronary

After each bout of exercise, the vasodilator _____________________ is released from the endothelium which reduces blood pressure.

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The correct answer is: Nitric Oxide

The maximum force exerted against the blood vessel walls is:

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Systolic Blood Pressure

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Which of the following blood markers assesses inflammation of the cardiovascular system?

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C-Reactive Protein

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After each bout of exercise, ___________________ ____________________ cells are released into the blood stream.  They adhere to damaged sites of the endothelium and initiate the repair process to regress plaque formation.

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The correct answer is: Endothelial Progenitor

Slurred speech, facial drooping, and loss of balance may be signs of a:

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The correct answer is: Cerebrovascular Accident

Which of the following is/are associated with endothelial cell damage or dysfunction? (check all that apply)

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The correct answers are: Oxidized LDL, High blood pressure, High blood glucose, Tobacco smoke, Elevated homocysteine

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Which of the following dietary changes would have the greatest effect on lowering blood pressure? (check all that apply)

The correct answers are: Decreasing sodium, Increasing potassium

The Lifestyle Heart Trial demonstrated that patients with severe Coronary Artery Disease could reverse their heart disease through: (check all that apply)

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The correct answers are: A low-fat vegetarian diet, Smoking Cessation, Stress Management, Social Support

A stroke may result if blood flow through the __________ is blocked. (check all that apply)

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The correct answers are: Carotid Artery , Cerebral Artery