2.5. Importance of Critical Thinking

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9 Terms

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Beneficial Illusions

Provide comfort but may be false (e.g., religion, placebo).

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Dark Side

Homeopathy, anti-vaccination → real harm; illusions can spread.

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Impact on World – War & Conflict

Overconfidence increases risk (Hitler, Bush examples).

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Financial Crises

Overconfidence, hyperactive pattern detection, chance blindness.

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Religion

Promotes ingroup cooperation but fuels conflict; slows moral progress.

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Moral Progress

Result of critical rational reflection → expanding moral circle, questioning harmful intuitions.

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Ancient Greece

Rational thinking

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Middle Ages

Dogmatic thinking; Renaissance & Enlightenment

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Today’s Challenges

Nuclear weapons, climate change, economic interdependence