Bio 30S - Exam Review

Hope

Reflects the ability of the body to maintain relative stability and function normally despite common change.

Homeostasis

Receptor, Control Center, Effector

What are the three components of a homeostatic mechanism?

Are tiny structures in the cells that make protein.

Ribosomes

Organelles in cells that are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP

Mitochondria

Because the plasma membrane is made up of a phosphelipid bilayer where a number of types of molecules move freely on the surface.

Explain why the plasma membrane is the fluid mosaic.

It only lets certain substances go in & out (enter/exit)

What does it mean if a membrane is selectively permeable?

Where one solution concentration is greater then another solution

Hypertonic

Where one solution concentration is less then another solution

Hypotonic

Where all solutions are equal

Isotonic

Most molecules cannot cross the membrane by simple diffusion. Carrier proteins in the cell membrane carry some molecules across.

Facilitated diffusion

Where water molecules diffuse across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to a area of lower concentration.

Osmosis

It occurs during a concentration gradient and receives no energy to transport across a cell membrane.

Passive transport

When cells move up the concentration gradient, energy is required, it requires the cell to use ATP.

Active transport

Cell membane creates a pouch which encloses the particles.

Endocytosis

Pinocytosis brings in solutes and liquids, Phagocytosis engulfs a food particle.

Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis

Reverse of endocytosis. Waste and cell products leave the cell.

Exocytosis

Mouth

What is 1

Tongue

What is 2

Salivary glands

What is 3

Epiglottis

What is 4

Esophagus

What is 5

Liver

What is 6

Stomach

What is 7

Pancreas

What is 8

Large Intestine

What is 9

Small intestine

What is 10

Appendix

What is 11

Rectum

What is 12

Anal Canal

What is 13

Stomach

What is 14

Pancreas

What is 15

Gull Bladder

What is 16

Liver

What is 17

The act of eating

Ingestion

Mechanic and chemical digestion

Digestion involves the breakdown of food in two ways, what are they?

A constriction called a cardiac sphincter. It prevents acidic contents from escaping the stomach.

What is the entrance of the esophagus to the stomach marked by, what does it prevent?

Stomach

Anatomically what organ/part of the digestive tract is gastric

A gastric ulcer obtained when the gradual disintegration of stomach tissue causes an open sore.

How does a person obtain a gastric ulcer?

Small Intestine

Where is the majority of digestion completed?

Pepsin

What enzyme have we talked about digestion protein and where does it take place?

Bile helps in the emulsification of fat, that secretes bile.

What chemical process does bile assist with? Which organ secrets it bile?

It is found in the mouth and it breaks down the starch.

Where is salivary amylase found? What does it breakdown?

Hydrochloric acid

Which acid is present in the stomach which aids in chemical digestion?

Lipids are digested in the small intestine through the use of bile which emulsisfies it.

Where chemical digestion of lipids takes place?

Large intestine

Where does most water get absorbed along the alimentary canal?

Villi increases the surface area of the villus for the absorption of nutrients

What is the primary function of villi in the small intestine?

Fats, Oils, Waxes and lipids

What do lipids include?

Carbohydrates

Which macro-nutrient provides the quickest form of energy?

The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon which helps keep blood sugar levels at normal levels. It also produces sodium bicarbonate which neutralizes the cardiac chyme.

The function of the pancreas

Pancreas, Liver, and Gallbladder

The accessory glands

They both help in breaking down the starch

How are both salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase similar?

Egested

What is the medical term we use for poop? ( Other word for defecation )

Right Atrium

What is 1

Right Ventricle

What is 2

Left Atrium

What is 3

Left Ventricle

What is 4

Tricuspid Valve

What is 5

Mitral valve (biscupid)

What is 6

Pulmonary semi lunar valve

What is 7

Aortic valve

What is 8

Pulmonary arteries

What is 9

Aorta

What is 10

Superior vena cava

What is 11

Inferior vena cava

What is 12

Pulmonary Vein

What is 13

Carries blood away from the heart. Are elastic and have thicker walls.

Capillary, Vein, and Artery (A)

Exchange of materials between blood and cells occur.

Capillary, Vein, and Artery (C)

Carries blood to the heart. Has one way valves to keep blood flowing properly

Capillary, Vein, and Artery (B)

Hemoglobin

What is the iron-containing protein molecule’s job is to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body?

False, White blood cells (Leukocytes) fight infections and cancers.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide gasses are carried by white blood cells. (True/False, Why?)

Platelets (thrombocytes)

What at the site of injury, ruptures, releasing chemicals, and forms thromboplastin and then with calcium present, produces more reactions to produce fibrin, an insoluble protein that forms a mesh (clot) over the injury. (2 NAMES)

Phagocytosis is the act of surrounding, engulfing and destroying microorganisms in the blood.

The process some leukocytes use called pagocytosis

* Carrying dissolved nutrients in the blood to body cells
* Provide blood volume for blood pressure
* Carrying immune cells to the sight of infections

What are the main functions of blood plasma

O- (negative) (7% Canadians)

What is the universal blood type donor

AB+ (positive)

What is the universal platelet and plasma donor

O+ (positive)

What is the most common blood type

AB+ (positive)

What is the universal recipient blood type

* RH positive contains protein (most common)
* RH negative doesn’t contain protein

The difference between Rh positive and Rh negative

The Sinoatrial (SA) Node is what sets our heart rates and it’s located in the right atrium.

What sets your heart rate and where it is located?

is when blood pumps through one circuit between the heart and the lungs.

What pulmonary circulation is

is when blood pumps between the heart and the rest of the body.

What systemic circulation is

The ventricles are contracting and ejecting two blood supplies, and for the lungs and the other to the rest of the body.

What is happening during “Ventricular systole”?

Is the maximum pressure in the arteries when the ventricles of the heart contract and push blood through.

What systolic pressure is

Is the lowest pressure in the arteries when ventricles of the heart are not contracting relaxed.

What diastolic pressure is

Is the term used for high blood pressure

What is hypertension

120/80

What is a healthy blood pressure

sphygmomanometer

What instrument is used to measure blood pressure

17 out of the 20L is reabsorbed directly by the lymph capillaries

What is lymph returned to the bloodstream by

It is when plasma is out of the bloodstream

What do you know about intracellular fluid

To filter lymph of bacteria, debris and store some white blood cells

What are lymph node’s primary function

Alveolus

What is 1

Diaphrapgm

What is 2

Bronchus

What is 3

Main Bronchus

What is 4

Right Lung

What is 5

Trachea

What is 6

Esophagus

What is 7

Epiglottis

What is 8

Pharynx

What is 9

Larynx

What is 10