Osteoporosis & The Effect of Exercise on Bone

These flashcards cover the critical concepts related to osteoporosis and the impact of exercise on bone health, as discussed in the lecture.

Osteoporosis

A disease characterized by porous bones and reduced bone mass, leading to an increased risk of fractures.

Mechanocoupling

The process by which mechanical forces applied to bone are converted into biochemical signals that promote bone remodeling.

Biochemical coupling

The interaction between mechanical signals and biological processes that lead to changes in bone structure.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells responsible for bone formation.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that resorb or break down bone tissue.

Peak bone mass

The maximum amount of bone density and strength that an individual achieves, typically reached in early adulthood.

Spongy bone

A type of bone that is more metabolically active and can respond quickly to mechanical stress.

Compact bone

The dense, hard outer layer of bone that provides strength and structure.

Calcium/Vitamin D deficiency

A risk factor for osteoporosis that impairs bone mineralization.

Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

A medical imaging technique used to measure bone mineral density.

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing osteoporosis, including age, gender, body size, lack of exercise, and family history.

Bone remodeling

The process through which old bone is removed and new bone is formed, allowing for bone strength and integrity.

Fall prevention

Strategies and exercises aimed at reducing the risk of falls, which is important for individuals with weak bones.

Vertebral fractures

Fractures that occur in the vertebrae, often a result of osteoporosis.

Collagen

A protein that provides structure and strength to bones; its proportion remains normal in osteoporosis despite decreased bone mass.