Honors US History Declaration and Constitution

When was the Declaration of Independence written

July 4, 1776

Who was the primary author of the Declaration

Thomas Jefferson

Where does power come from in the Declaration

the people

What is layed out in the Declaration?

what ideal governments do, not laws

Types of features in the Declaration

Democracy

Universal suffrage

Laws and rights are written down

Capacity to change laws

Representative govt

When were the articles of confederation written

1777

How long did the artlices of confederation last

10 years

what were the articles of confederation

first set of governing laws

what did the articles of confederation prioritize

autonomy and individuality of states

what two crises occrurred bcus of the articles of confederation

economic depression and shays rebellion

when was Shay’s rebellion

1786

where did shays rebellion occur

western/central mass

How did Massachusetts have to suppress Shay’s rebellion?

call on other states’ militaries

When was the constitutional convention

May 1787

what was the goal of the constitutional convention

create a new constitution for the american government

How many delegates at the constitutional convention

55

what state wasnt at the constitutional convention

rhode island

what is article 1 of the constitution

legislative branch

what is article 2 of the constitution

executive branch

what is article 3 of the constitution

judicial branch

how many articles in the constitution

7

how many amendments in the constitution

27

how many amendments added right after constitution

10

what is the vertical division of government called (local, state)

federalism

what are the two bodies in the legislative branch called

House of Representatives and senate

what is it called when there are two bodies in government

bicameral

how many senators per state

2

how long is a senators term

6 years

how old must a senator be

30

how long must a senator be a citizen

9 years

how many representatives does each state get

depends on population

how many total representatives are there

435

how long is a representatives term length

2 years

how old must a representative be

25

how long must a representative be a citizen

7 years

what are some powers of congress

raise and collect taxes

regulate commerce

set up courts

declare war

punish pirates 🏴‍☠

what is the elastic clause

congress has the ability to do what is necessary and proper

what is a bill

a proposed law

what majority do most laws need

simple majority of 51%, some need super majority of 2/3

what are the two main powers of the president

nominate supreme court justices

commander in chief of the military

what is an executive order

something that acts like a law but can be undone

how many cabinet members are there

15

which president ran for and won presidency four times

Franklin Roosevelt

why did the founders create the electoral college

afraid of putting power on the uneducated

how many total presidential electors

538

how many electors needed to win

270

what does your vote actually do

indicate a preference to your electors

in what size state do individual votes matter the most

smaller states

what determines the electoral points per state

representatives + 2 (senators)

what fraction of states is needed for an amendment

¾

where can you appeal to after the supreme court

nowhere bozo

how many supreme court justices

9

what is the age requirement for justices

none

what is jurisprudence

a justices judicial philosophy

what is living constitutionalism

the idea that the constitution is designed to be adapted to the present

what is original intent

what the person wrote at the time and how it applies today

what is contextualism

only considering the words used and not their meaning

what is federalism

division of power between federal and national government

what is the initial solution to slavery in the constitution

ignore it (like Dr. Cacace and her mom #mommyissues)

what fraction of signers of declaration were slaveholders

34/47

was slavery made legal or illegal in the constitution

neither

article 1 section 2

the 3/5 clause. enslaved people counted as 3/5 of a person when determining representatives etc.

state pop = 1 free person + 0 native american + 3/5 enslaved person

slaveholding states wanted slaves to count as 1, nonslaveholding wanted slaves to count as 0

Article 1 section 9

ban on slave importation, congress cant stop importation of slaves until 1808. didnt foresee that the demand and value of slaves would be so high, so slavery doesn’t end with this ban

article 4 section 2

fugitive slave clause. runaway slaves in free states still need to be returned. in 1850 the fugitive slave act puts this power in federal governement so it is stricter

how many states approval needed to ratify the constitution

9

who were the federalists

pro ratification