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When was the Declaration of Independence written
July 4, 1776
Who was the primary author of the Declaration
Thomas Jefferson
Where does power come from in the Declaration
the people
What is layed out in the Declaration?
what ideal governments do, not laws
Types of features in the Declaration
Democracy
Universal suffrage
Laws and rights are written down
Capacity to change laws
Representative govt
When were the articles of confederation written
1777
How long did the artlices of confederation last
10 years
what were the articles of confederation
first set of governing laws
what did the articles of confederation prioritize
autonomy and individuality of states
what two crises occrurred bcus of the articles of confederation
economic depression and shays rebellion
when was Shay’s rebellion
1786
where did shays rebellion occur
western/central mass
How did Massachusetts have to suppress Shay’s rebellion?
call on other states’ militaries
When was the constitutional convention
May 1787
what was the goal of the constitutional convention
create a new constitution for the american government
How many delegates at the constitutional convention
55
what state wasnt at the constitutional convention
rhode island
what is article 1 of the constitution
legislative branch
what is article 2 of the constitution
executive branch
what is article 3 of the constitution
judicial branch
how many articles in the constitution
7
how many amendments in the constitution
27
how many amendments added right after constitution
10
what is the vertical division of government called (local, state)
federalism
what are the two bodies in the legislative branch called
House of Representatives and senate
what is it called when there are two bodies in government
bicameral
how many senators per state
2
how long is a senators term
6 years
how old must a senator be
30
how long must a senator be a citizen
9 years
how many representatives does each state get
depends on population
how many total representatives are there
435
how long is a representatives term length
2 years
how old must a representative be
25
how long must a representative be a citizen
7 years
what are some powers of congress
raise and collect taxes
regulate commerce
set up courts
declare war
punish pirates 🏴☠
what is the elastic clause
congress has the ability to do what is necessary and proper
what is a bill
a proposed law
what majority do most laws need
simple majority of 51%, some need super majority of 2/3
what are the two main powers of the president
nominate supreme court justices
commander in chief of the military
what is an executive order
something that acts like a law but can be undone
how many cabinet members are there
15
which president ran for and won presidency four times
Franklin Roosevelt
why did the founders create the electoral college
afraid of putting power on the uneducated
how many total presidential electors
538
how many electors needed to win
270
what does your vote actually do
indicate a preference to your electors
in what size state do individual votes matter the most
smaller states
what determines the electoral points per state
representatives + 2 (senators)
what fraction of states is needed for an amendment
¾
where can you appeal to after the supreme court
nowhere bozo
how many supreme court justices
9
what is the age requirement for justices
none
what is jurisprudence
a justices judicial philosophy
what is living constitutionalism
the idea that the constitution is designed to be adapted to the present
what is original intent
what the person wrote at the time and how it applies today
what is contextualism
only considering the words used and not their meaning
what is federalism
division of power between federal and national government
what is the initial solution to slavery in the constitution
ignore it (like Dr. Cacace and her mom #mommyissues)
what fraction of signers of declaration were slaveholders
34/47
was slavery made legal or illegal in the constitution
neither
article 1 section 2
the 3/5 clause. enslaved people counted as 3/5 of a person when determining representatives etc.
state pop = 1 free person + 0 native american + 3/5 enslaved person
slaveholding states wanted slaves to count as 1, nonslaveholding wanted slaves to count as 0
Article 1 section 9
ban on slave importation, congress cant stop importation of slaves until 1808. didnt foresee that the demand and value of slaves would be so high, so slavery doesn’t end with this ban
article 4 section 2
fugitive slave clause. runaway slaves in free states still need to be returned. in 1850 the fugitive slave act puts this power in federal governement so it is stricter
how many states approval needed to ratify the constitution
9
who were the federalists
pro ratification
Note
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