Urinary system review

The major organ of the urinary system. It removes toxins from the blood.

kidney

minor calyces come together to form

major calyces

The tough outer shell of the kidney

renal capsule

Pathway of urine through nephron

glomerulurs, bowmans capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct

the functional unit of the kidey

nephron

Outer portion of the kidney

renal cortex

Middle layer of the kidney

renal medulla

2 parts of the renal medulla

renal pyramids and renal columns

Kidney stones are also known as

renal calculi

Kidney stones are made of

calcium

urinary tract infections are caused be

micooraganisms such as bacteria

upper urinary tract infections would impact what two organs

urerter and kidney

lower urinary tract infection would impact what 2 organs

bladder and urethra

order of urine through kidney (after nephron)

minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

This organ stores urine until ready to be disposed of

urinary bladder

Muscles that compose urinary bladder are known as the

detrusor muscles

The process of expelling urine

micturition

urethra

Tube that takes urine from the bladder to outside the body

the entrance to the kidney

hilum

the expanded end of the ureter

renal pelvis

Tube that connects the kidney to the bladder

ureter

A hormone that controls urine production

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

root word that means kidney

renal

urine is mostly

water

One of the major differences of the urinary system between males and females is the length of the

urethra

machine that filters blood

diaylsis

kidney

Identify the organ.

ureter

Identify the passageway.

urinary bladder

Identify the organ.

renal cortex

outermost layer of the kidney

renal medulla

middle layer of the kidney

renal pyramid

cone shaped structures inside the renal medulla

renal pelvis

expanded end of ureter

renal artery

Identify the blood vessel.

renal vein

Identify the blood vessel.

major calyx

minor calyx

nephron

functional unit of kidney

proximal convoluted tube

letter c

distal convoluted tube

letter f

loop of henle

letters D & E

renal capsule

outside of kidney

renal column

area between renal pyramids

renal hilum

opening into kidney

glomerulus

letter A

Bowman's capsule

letter b

RAAS system

Renin is produced by the kidneys in response to impaired blood flow & tissue perfusion, and converts angiotensinogen in the blood to angiotensin I; ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs. Angiotensin II then vasoconstricts and stimulates the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone then promotes Na and water retention as well as K excretion.

Aldosterone

"salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure

Renin

hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

promotes retention of water by kidneys

Calcitriol (Vitamin D)

necessary for calcium absorption in the intestines

Erythropoietin

A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

-Produce by atria

-Target: kidneys

-Effect: blocks effect of aldosterone, decreases sodium reabsorption, lowers blood pressure

juxtaglomerular apparatus

in the nephron, the complex of cells from the distal tubule and the afferent arteriole which helps regulate blood pressure by secreting renin in response to blood pressure changes in the kidney; located near the glomerulus

macula densa

The cells of the distal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are receptors that monitor filtrate osmolarity as a means of regulatin filtration rate.