Anatomy and Physiology Quiz Classes 3-6

Angio

Angio

Vessel

Arthro

joint

Brachio

arm

Brady

slow

Broncho

bronchus/bronchi

Cardio

heart

Cephalo

head

Cervico

neck

Chondro

cartilage

Cyto

cell

Derma

skin

Dys

abnormal/difficult

Ecto

outer/external

Endo

internal/within

Epi-

On, upon, above

Eryth

red

Gastro

stomach

Glossa

tongue

Hemo

blood

Hyper

too much/high

Hypo

under/decreased

Myo

muscle

Nephro

kidney

Neuro

nerve

Ortho

straight/normal

Osteo

bone

Parieto-

relating to the parietal bones/parietal section of the skull

Ped

child/foot

Pneumo

air/lungs

Pod

foot

Pseudo

false

Pyro

fever/heat

Reno

kidney

Sarco

flesh

Squamo-

scales

Sub

under

Tachy

fast

Thermo

relating to heat

Thoraco

Chest/thorax

Thrombo

relating to clotting of the blood

Trans

across/over

Vaso

vessel

Superior

above

Inferior

below

Anterior

front side

Posterior

back side

Ventral

same as anterior for bipeds, stomach on quadripeds

Dorsal

same as posterior for bipeds, back on quadripeds

Medial

toward midline

Lateral

away from midline

Intermediate

between more medial and more lateral structures

Proximal

closer to torso

Distal

farther from torso

Superficial

above (layers)

Deep

below

Abdominal

area on ventral body surface inferior to the thoracic region

Antecubital

anterior surface of elbow

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

arm

Buccal

cheek

Carpal

wrist

Cervical

neck

Digital

fingers and toes

Femoral

thigh

Inguinal

where your leg meets your trunk

Nasal

nose

Oral

mouth

Orbital

eyes

Patellar

knee

Peroneal

lateral surface of leg

Pubic

genital

Sternal

breast bone area

Tarsal

ankle

Thoracic

chest

Umbilical

belly button

Cephalic

head area

Deltoid

shoulder region

Gluteal

butt

Lumbar

lower back

Occipital

posterior surface of head

Popliteal

posterior surface of knee

Scapular

shoulder blade

Sural

calf

Vertebral

spinal/backbone region

Sagittal plane

divides body in left and right sections

Frontal plane

divides body into anterior and posterior sections

Transverse plane

divides body into superior and inferior sections

Cranial cavity

houses the brain

Spinal cavity

container of the spinal cord

Thoracic cavity

houses heart + lungs, superior to diaphragm

Subsections of abdominopelvic cavity

• Umbilical region

• Epigastric region

• Hypogastric region

• Right and left iliac (inguinal) regions

• Right and left lumbar regions

• Right and left hypochondriac regions

Umbilical region

belly button

Epigastric region

above stomach

Hypogastric region

below stomach

Right and left iliac (inguinal) regions

Groin (where thigh meets torso)

Right and left lumbar regions

Lateral to belly button

Left and right hypochondriac regions

Lateral to epigastric region, right below ribcage

Homeostasis

1) Involves keeping variables relatively constant (is NOT static)

2) Consumes energy

3) Is equal to health: loss of homeostasis is equivalent to disease and/or death

4) Maintenance of one variable is often interdependent w/ the balance of other variables (ex. water, electrolyte balance)

How is homeostasis maintained?

Feedback loops/mechanisms

Negative feedback loop

• Most common in living systems

• If a value deviates from the set point, a response is generated to return the value to the set point, thus turning off the response

• Tries to minimize the error signal

• Error signal = set point - actual value