Chapter 14 keywords ap art history Late Medieval Italy

Aerial Perspective

creates the illusion of distance by graying the color and blurring the contour in the distance of a picture.

Baptistery

a building used for baptism next to the church

Black Death

the bubonic plague eliminated between 25% and 50% of the population of Europe

Cartoon

a full-size preliminary drawing from which a painting is made

Chiaroscuro

treatment and the use of light, especially the gradations of light that produce the effect of modeling (creating a 3-D effect).

Great Schism

divided the Catholic Church by the election of two popes, one in Avignon and the other in Rome

Grisaille

a monochromatic painting done in neutral grays to simulate sculpture

Guilds

associations of master craftspeople, apprentices and tradespeople

Humanism

a shift in values from religious to secular concerns with a devotion to human welfare and to the dignity and worth of the person

Individualism

the concept that rights, values and duties originate in the person and society has no value except as an extension of the individual

International Style

14^th and 15^th century painting style fused the French and Sienese. It appealed to the aristocracy because of its brilliant color, lavish costumes and themes of knights and ladies

Linear Perspective

a depiction of three dimensional objects on a two dimensional surface( spatial illusion)

Loggia

a gallery with an open arcade or colonnade on one or both sides

Mendicants

friars belonging to the Franciscan and Dominican orders renounced all worldly goods and begged while devoting themselves to preaching, teaching and good works

Naturalism

belief that art should adhere as closely as possible to the appearance of the natural world

Oligarchy

government by executive bodies, advisory councils and special commissions. Only a restricted group of citizens with political rights could serve on these boards.

Patron

a wealthy and influential person or group who supports an artist

Philanthropic

a gift to promote human welfare

Polyptych

a many-paneled altarpiece.

Stigmata

wounds which Christ received at the Crucifixion miraculously appear on the body of a saint

Vernacular

everyday language spoken by the people, rather than Latin the official language