Human Geography- Global systems and Global governance.

globalisation

a process by which national boundaries are eroded, and economies, societies and cultures have become increasingly integrated through the global network of trade, communication, improved transport and immigration.

causes of globalisation

growth of transport (planes, cargo ships),trade, technology and communications (phone),global companies (TNCs), actions of government and organisations.

positives of globalisation

business growth, creation of jobs, access to resources

negatives of globalisation

wages could be low, risk of exploiting workers, deindustrialisation of some countries, widens the inequality gap, economic and social pressures from migration.

KOF index of globalisation

introduced in 2002, and covers the economic (36% weighting), social (38% weighting), and political (26% weighting) dimensions of globalisation.

pros of KOF index of globalisation

quantitative date -> measurable, comparable

cons of KOF index of globalisation

reliability of date (illegal immigration, black markets and informal economies)

forms of globalisation

economic, social/ cultural, and political

how is the process of economic globalisation caused?

increases in free trade. growth of TNCs. faster, cheaper transport.

what is economic globalisation characterised by?

long distance flows or goods, capital (money) and services.

what is social/cultural globalisation caused by?

migration, global communication, impact of western culture through media, sport, leisure and celebrity culture.

what is social/cultural globalisation characterised by?

spread of ideas, information, and images

what is political globalisation caused by?

decline in communist countries. influence of western democracy.

what is political globalisation characterised by?

the diffusion of government policy and the development of market economies (in former communist states).

capital flow

the movement of money for the purpose of investment, trade or to produce goods/services.

international trade

the exchange of capital goods and services across international borders. inbound and outbound trade.

labour trade

the production of all human physical and mental effort used to create goods, or produce services

dimensions

the interconnected aspects (flows) that help characterise globalisation.

for example, flows of products and labour.

factors

help drive globalisation, and are responsible for the acceleration of globalisation.

for example, trade agreements and the internet.

flows of product

the international movement of products, by reducing the cost of trade, including transactions, tariffs and transport, and time cost.