reading rockets midterm

fluent readers read text

accurately, at an approbate rate, and with expression

Readers who are “fluent”:

read smoothly with appropriate phrasing

Fluent readers are able to ________________ as they read:

connect ideas, focus on meanings, and recognize words

Fluency rate when reading fiction and non-fiction _________:

is sometimes different

Which instructional approach is most effective for increasing fluency?

re-reading a passage while receiving guidance

repeated oral readings improve 3 things:

word recognition, speed, reading comprehension

Students who are likely to need fluency support:

• have a limited vocabulary and limited background knowledge

• have processing speed or attention challenges

• are receiving reading intervention in other skill areas

Automaticity and fluency are

different but related proccesses

Silent, independent reading_______________:

has not been proven effective as an instructional technique

Automaticity

refers to accurate and speedy word recognition

Which activity listed below, works best for increasing fluency?

repeated readings

Which activity promotes fluency in students?

• reading a book that is at the right level for independent reading

• receiving guidance when reading aloud

• listening to someone model fluent reading

A fluent reader__________________:

• reads with expression

• divides text into meaningful chunks

• pauses appropriately within and at the end of sentences

Fluency changes_______________:

• depending on what the reader is reading

• depending on the reader’s familiarity with the words in the text

• depending on the amount of practice the reader has reading text

Listening to an adult model fluent reading____________:

• gives students a chance to hear how the written text should sound

• demonstrates fluency to students

• serves as a strategy for building fluency

Struggling readers may have slower fluency rates because they ___________:

• have no background knowledge on the subject

• decode unfamiliar words

• are reading text that is beyond their reading level

The best strategy for developing fluency is to provide your students with opportunities to __________:

read the same passage orally several times

Model fluent reading, then have students________________:

reread the text on their own

A book is considered to be at the instructional level if it can be read with:

90% accuracy

Phonics instruction teaches:

the relationship between letters and sounds in written form

Phonics instruction has an impact on a child’s:

reading and writing ability

Teaching students that the letters ph represent the /f/ sound is an example of what type of instruction?

phonics

Phonics instruction is most effective when it begins in:

kindergarten or first grade

what are 3 approaches used for phonics instruction

• children learning the letters or letter combinations that represent sounds

• children using word parts or families to identify unknown words

• children learning to segment words into sounds and writing letters for these sounds

Effective phonics instruction may improve:

• fluency

• word recognition

• spelling

phones instruction

is one component of a reading program

The best way to teach letter-sound relationships is to:

• use an “I do”, “We do”, “You do” teaching method

• provide ample practice to all students

• continue to practice one set of skills until all students achieve mastery

Phonics instruction is effective for which of the following groups of children?

all beginning readers

phonics instruction should be taught because

it teaches a system for remembering how to read words

The alphabetic principle is understanding:

the relationship between letters and spoken words

The written letter A is a:

grapheme

Phonics programs are effective when they:

• include a carefully selected set of letter-sound relationships organized into a logical sequence

• include a set of precise directions for teaching these relationships

• include lots of opportunities for children to apply learning to reading and writing

Which is an example of systematic phonics instruction?

teaching a set of letter-sound relationships in a clearly defined sequence

Effective phonics programs provide students with opportunities to practice applying their knowledge about phonics as they:

• read

• write

• blend sounds to form words

A teacher who is explaining how to place a set of words into categories based on their spelling patterns is engaged in:

phonics instruction

Phonics instruction is important because it helps students to:

• understand the relationship between letters and sounds

• recognize unfamiliar words

• improve reading comprehension

What are 3 components of a reading program?

• phonemic awareness instruction

• phonics instruction

• print awareness instruction

Phonemic awareness is:

• a strong predictor of future reading success

• a sub skill of phonological awareness

• a foundational reading skill

There are _______ sounds in the English language

more than 40

Phoneme blending is harder than

onset and rime

The definition of phoneme is, “The smallest part of _________ language.”

spoken

phonological awareness is

• a person’s ability to hear sound structures of speech

• a person’s ability to manipulate sound structures of speech

• a print-free skill set

a child telling his teacher there are four sounds in truck, /t/ /r/ /u/ /ck/ is an example of

phoneme segmentation

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the onsets and rimes in words is called___________:

phonological awareness

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate discrete, individual sounds in words is called _________

phonemic awareness

a child categorizing pictures that begin with the same sound is an example of

phonemic awareness

Phonemic awareness activities include:

• blending sounds together to make a word

• identifying words that begin with the same sound

• breaking a word into individual sounds

Phonological awareness activities include________________:

syllable blending

When teaching phonological awareness, teachers should:

• use multisensory activities

• teach each skill to mastery

• start with the simplest skills and build to harder skills

Phonemic awareness:

• can be assessed by teachers

• is a necessary component of reading

• can be introduced to students as a game

Phonemic awareness is one part of ____________, which also includes activities on phonemes, rhymes, syllables, and more:

phonological awareness