[PI 100] Intensive Political Writing

August 1888

* arrives in **London**
* copies the “**Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas**” by **Antonio** **de Morga**

Antonio de Morga

wrote “**Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas**” that rizal copied

september 4, 1888

* arrives in Paris from London
* visits Juan Luna

september 10, 1888

* returns to London from Paris
* continues copying the “Sucesos”

september 19, 1888

* finishes copying the “Sucesos”


* begins to annotate the “Sucesos”

october 12, 1888

admitted to study in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities in the British Museum

department of greek and roman antiquities

where rizal studied in the british museum in october 12, 1888

december 13, 1888

* arrives in Barcelona from London
* meets with **Mariano Ponce** and **Graciano Lopez Jaena** about the Filipinism project of **Ferdinand Blumentritt**

december 24, 1888

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* arrives in **London from barcelona**

january 14, 1889

* sent **Ferdinand Blumentritt** a copy of his plan for the establishment of an international association of **Filipinologists**, asking for his opinion on the plan

february 22, 1889

wrote “**Letter to the Women of Malolos**” as requested by **Marcelo del Pilar**

letter to the women of malolos

written by rizal on february 22, 1889 as requested by marcelo del pilar

march 15, 1889

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* wrote the article “Los agricultores filipinos” for the “**La Solidaridad**”

march 19, 1889

* arrives in **Paris** from London
* founded the **Kidlat Club** to bring together the young Filipinos who were in Paris so that they could enjoy their stay in the city

1889

(year) founded the **Indios Bravos** to replace the Kidlat Club

1889

(year) encouraged the members to __excel in intellectual and physical pursuits__ to win the respect and admiration of foreigners

1889

(year) practiced with great enthusiasm the use of the **sword and pistol**

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1889

(year) taught the members **judo** which he learned when he was in **Japan**

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1889

(year) spent most of his time in the **reading room** of the **Bibliotheque Nationale (National Library)** to check his historical annotations on **Morga’s book**

march 31, 1889

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* wrote the article “**Me piden versos**” for the “**La Solidaridad**”

april 23, 1889

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* sent to Barcelona his manuscript of “**Ethnography of Mindanao**” for publication

may 6, 1889

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* attended the opening of the **Universal Exposition** in Paris in which the most famous attraction was the Eiffel Tower

june 24, 1889

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* became baptismal godfather of the **daughter of Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera**

paz pardo de tavera

mother of juan luna’s daughter

may 20, 1889

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* prepared the manuscript of his annotations of the “Sucesos” for printing

june 4, 1889

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* translated more than **30 pages** of **Ferdinand Blumentritt’s** “**Memorias**” which was on the tribes of Mindanao

memorias

written by ferdinand blumentritt about the tribes of mindanao which rizal translated more than 30 pages

june 23, 1889

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* continued translating Ferdinand Blumentritt’s “Memorias”

july 4, 1889

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* **left Paris for London** to check some information in the “Sucesos”

july 12, 1889

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* arrived in **Paris** from London
* attended to the finishing touches of his annotations

july 23, 1889

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* sent to the printing press the manuscript of his annotations of the “Sucesos”

july 30, 1889

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* went to the printing press to read and correct the proofs and also to add new annotations to his work

august 13, 1889

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* admitted to read and make further studies in the Bibliotheque Nationale of Paris

september 9, 1889

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* busy attending to the final form of his annotations of the “Sucesos”

december 1, 1889

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* finished the proofreading of the galley proofs of the annotations of the “Sucesos”

december 23, 1889

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* received from the printing press copies of his annotations of the “Sucesos”

january 6, 1890

* arrives in **London** from Paris
* went to look for a **book** which **Dr. Meyer** requested him to buy in London

january 8, 1890

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* arrives in **Paris**
* makes plans to go to the **Netherlands** to look for __books written during the 17th century about the Philippines__
* leaves Paris for Brussels

february 2, 1890

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* arrives in **Brussels** from Paris

august 1, 1890

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* leaves **Brussels** for Madrid

august 4, 1890

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* arrives in **Madrid** from Brussels

viva madrid restaurante

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* where Rizal used to take his __light meals with wine__
* manuel fernandez y gonzales

january 27, 1891

leaves madrid for biarritz

february 11, 1891

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* Arrives in Biarritz

march 29, 1891

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* **Finished writing El Filibusterismo**

april 4, 1891

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* Arrives in Paris from Biarritz

april 8, 1891

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* Arrives in Brussels from Paris

april 23, 1891

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* Revised some chapters of the El Filibusterismo

may 30, 1891

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* __Completed the preparation for the printing of El Filibusterismo but still waiting for money for the printing__

june 13, 1891

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* Finished reviewing and correcting the manuscript of the El Filibusterismo

june 21, 1891

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* Left Brussels for Ghent

september 18, 1891

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* Received the **first copies of the El Filibusterismo**

september 25, 1891

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* Received from **Valentin Ventura** the amount of **200 francs** for the **publication expenses of the El Filibusterismo**

200 francs

amount for the publication expenses of the el filibusterismo received from valentin ventura

october 3, 1891

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* Arrives in Paris from Ghent
* Makes preparations for his return to the Philippines

october 17, 1891

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* Arrives in Marseilles to board the ship for the return trip to the Philippines

sobre la indolencia de filipinos

* “on the indolence of filipinos”
* aim: to awaken among filipinos a consciousness of their faults

gregorio sancianco

rizal acknowledges that __he__ was the first to bring up the issue of indolence among filipinos

el progreso de filipinas

book of gregorio sancianco that rizal proved that filipinos are NOT indolent

indolence

* little love for work
* lack of energy

climate

predisposition of indolence

hot climate

* predisposition of indolence
* requires quiet and rest

cold climate

* predisposition of indolence
* incites labour and action

spaniard

indolent

spain

located in a region where the climate is warm

frenchman

* less indolent than the spaniard

france

located in a region colder than spain

german

less indolent than a frenchman

germany

located in a region colder than france

europeans in colonies

* more indolent than the natives
* surrounded by numerous servants
* do not walk but ride carriages pulled by natives

natives in colonies

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* Toil for other people (like the) Spaniards
* Work under force and compulsion

tropical countries

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* An hour’s work is equivalent to a day’s work in cold countries
* Violent work is not encouraged
* Can result to:
* Death
* Destruction
* Annihilation

mother nature

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* Response: has made the earth more fertile and more productive in tropical countries

filipinos

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* Work longer hours
* Come to the office at 8:00am and work until 1:00pm
* **poorly paid**
* **badly treated**

spaniards

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* Work shorter hours
* Come in at 10:00am and leave at 12:00nn

spaniard friars

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* Become fabulously rich
* Ride a carriage
* Eat and drink well
* Do not work except to collect fees

rizal’s conclusion

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* It is natural to be “indolent” because of the climate

analogy of the state of conditions in the philippines

patient: philippines

illness: indolence

hereditary malady

according to the spaniards, indolence of filipinos is due to this → brought about by spanish colonialism

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

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Filipinos were not indolent before the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines according to **Antonio de Morga** in his book **“Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas”**

antonio de morga

wrote the book “sucesos de las islas filipinas” which talked about how filipinos were not indolent before the spaniards arrived in the philippines

early filipinos

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* traded the following products with the Chinese:
* abaca
* bee’s wax (honey)
* tortoise shell
* betel nuts

products traded with the chinese

* abaca


* bee’s wax (honey)
* tortoise shell
* betel nuts

early filipinos

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* knew how to craft objects made of metal
* made various vessels, utensils, hilts and scabbards made of solid gold

rice, millet, oranges, lemons

early filipinos cultivated these

prau, balangay, caracoa

early filipinos built these boats of various sizes

caracoa

boat that is capable of 100 rowers

internal disorders

* one of the reasons that brought about the **decline in the spirit of enterprise of Filipinos**
* brought about by the imposition of __spanish rule__
* impact: slaughter and massacre of filipinos

invasion by limahong in 1572

* one of the reasons that brought about the **decline in the spirit of enterprise of Filipinos**
* his invasion in 1972 had an impact for slaughter and massacre of filipinos

spanish-dutch wars

* one of the reasons that brought about the **decline in the spirit of enterprise of Filipinos**
* against the dutch who also claimed the moluccas
* impact:
* construction of large ships
* recruitment of Filipinos to serve as rower

piratical attacks

* one of the reasons that brought about the **decline in the spirit of enterprise of Filipinos**
* perpetuated by muslims from mindanao
* impact:
* slavery and captivity of Filipinos
* disappearance of the coastwise trade

**Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade**

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* counter effects of Spanish policy that rizal identified
* principal foreign trade of the Philippines
* trade between Manila (Philippines) and Acapulco (Mexico)
* impact: widespread decrease in population
* emphasis: luxurious Chinese merchandise (silk, porcelain, linens, ivory wares, and spices)

construction of large ships

requirement for the manila-acapulco galleon trade

reasons for decline in population

manila-acapulco galleon trade had:

* difficulty of cutting trees
* burden of bringing trees to shipyards
* actual construction of large ships

luxurious chinese merchandise

* silk, porcelain, linens, ivory wares, spices
* emphasis on the manila-acapulco galleon trade

focus on galleon trade

* counter effects of Spanish policy that rizal identified
* impact:
* **prevented Philippine products from being exported to Mexico**
* neglect of local industry, trade and commerce
* abandonment of agriculture
* abandonment of raising poultry

discontinuation of asian trade

* causes/factors that continued to foster and maintain indolence
* **Impact: prevented Filipinos from trading with other Southeast Asian neighbors** 
* **Southeast Asian Trade Partners: Borneans, Siamese, and Cambodians**

presence of bandits

* causes/factors that continued to foster and maintain indolence
* **Impact:** __**robs**__ **the farmers of their personal possessions, carabao, and rice**
* **Significance:** implies the government’s impotence to maintain law and order

meager returns to the farmer for his labor

* causes/factors that continued to foster and maintain indolence
* factor 3

not allowing farmers to go to their farms

* causes/factors that continued to foster and maintain indolence
* without the permission of the governor or of the priest
* an obstacle to __agriculture__