Lesson 2: HTML Structures
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72 Terms
XHTML
After HTML 4.01 was released, focus shifted to _____ and its stricter standards
XHTML 2.0, 1.0, 2009
_____ had even stricter standards than ____, rejecting web pages that did not comply. It fell out of favor gradually and was abandoned completely in _____
HTML5
____ is much more tolerant and can handle markup from all the prior versions
2012, 2004.
Though HTML5 was published officially in _____, it has been in development since ____
programming
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is not a _______ language
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
It is a markup language that tells web browsers how to structure the web pages you visit
HTML5
____ is the newest version of HTML, only recently gaining partial support by the makers of web browsers
HTML 5
It incorporates all features from earlier versions of HTML, including the stricter XHTML
DOCTYPE
The _____ tells the browser which type and version of document to expect.
lang
The ____ attribute in the <html> element declares which language the page content is in. Though not strictly required, it should always be specified, as it can assist search engines and screen readers
es, fr, de, zh, ar
Each of the world’s major languages has a two-character code, e.g. Spanish = "__", French = "___", German = "___", Chinese = "__", Arabic = "___"
doctypes
When HTML was young (1991-1992), _____ were meant to act as links to a set of rules that the HTML page had to follow to be considered good HTML
<html></html>
This element wraps all the content on the page. It is sometimes known as the root element
<head></head>
This element acts as a container for everything you want to include on the HTML page, that isn't the content the page will show to viewers
<meta charset="utf-8">
This element specifies the character set for your document to UTF-8, which includes most characters from the vast majority of human written languages
<title></title>
This sets the title of the page, which is the title that appears in the browser tab the page is loaded in. The page title is also used to describe the page when it is bookmarked
<body></body>
This contains all the content that displays on the page, including text, images, videos, games, playable audio tracks, or whatever else.
Elements
Tags
Attributes and Values
Nesting
Four Key Concepts of HTML:
elements
all HTML pages are made up of _____
Tags
____ is an HTML codes that are enclosed in angle brackets and are used to format the text.
opening, closing
An element is made up of two tags: an _____ tag and a _____ tag
empty elements
HTML elements with no content are called _____
<br>
the ____ tag defines a line break
Attribute
_____ is used to define the characteristics of an element and is placed inside the elements opening tag
attribute, value
An ____ names a characteristic; a ____ describes it.
quotation marks
Always enclose your values in _____
Nesting
_____ simply means that elements must never overlap
Comments
______ function as little notes to yourself
non printing lines
Comments are not displayed in the browser; they are sometimes called _____
Semantics
_____ is the study of the meanings of words and phrases in a language
<section>
The _____ element defines a section in a document
section
A _____ is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading
<article>
The _____ element specifies independent, self-contained content
<header>
The _____ element specifies a header for a document or section
<header>
The _____ element should be used as a container for introductory content
<footer>
The _____ element specifies a footer for a document or section
footer
A ____ typically contains the author of the document, copyright information, links to terms of use, contact information, etc
<nav>
The ____ element defines a set of navigation links
<nav>
The ____ element is intended only for major block of navigation links
<aside>
The ____ element defines some content aside from the content it is placed in (like a sidebar)
figure caption
The purpose of a ____ is to add a visual explanation to an image
<figure>
In HTML5, an image and a caption can be grouped together in a _____ element.
<img>, <figcaption>
The ____ element defines the image, the _____ element defines the caption
heading
The purpose of the ____ element is to indicate different heading levels in a document
horizontal rule, <hr>
The _____ element, ____, will draw a horizontal line wherever you place it.
<hr>
The ____ element is used to separate content (or define a change) in an HTML page
character elements
The _____ give you some basic controls over how text will display on a Web browser.
Physical elements
_____ describe the physical appearance of the character
Logical Element
Elements that derive their names from the intended function or purpose of the text is called _____
italics (<i></i>)
The ____ element is a physical element for displaying italicized text.
emphasis (<em></em>)
The _____ element is a logical element for emphasizing important portions of a document.
citation (<cite></cite>)
The ____ element identifies a portion of your document as a reference to an outside source
variable (<var></var>)
The logical element indicates a _____, as might be used in computer code
definition (<dfn></dfn>)
This logical element identifies a portion of text as defining instance of a term
address (<address></address>)
To set apart your address or personal information at the bottom of a Web page. This element also generally adds a line break before and after the address
bold (<b></b>)
The ___ element is a physical element that allows you to render boldface text.
strong (<strong></strong>)
This logical element indicates a heavier or stronger emphasis than does <b>, but there is usually no difference in how the two look in the browser
<mark> </mark>
element defines marked/highlighted text
<del> </del
element defines deleted/removed text
<sup></sup>
This element creates a superscript
<sub></sub>
This element forces text to display as a subscript
<code></code>
This logical element not only displays in a courier, fixed width-font font, but also indicates that the text is a portion of computer code
<kbd></kbd>
Standing for keyboard, this logical element identifies its contents as keyboard input.
<samp></samp>
This is another logical element. It describe its content as sample output, most often rendering text in monospaced font
underline (<u></u>)
The _____ element will render text with a line underneath
inserted (<ins></ins>)
The ____ text element is a logical element that indicates text that has been inserted since the document was written
non breaking space entity ( )
The ______ will instruct a browser to add spaces wherever you want them
HTML Entities
Are reserved characters in HTML
<blockquote>
If you want to indent everything from the left margin, the easiest way to do it is to use the _____ element.
preformatted text (<pre></pre>)
By using the _____ element, you can tell a browser to display your text exactly as you entered it.
align
The ____ attribute used with many elements, will allow you to position text (or images) at the left, center or right of a pages
semantic element
A _____ clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer.
Note 
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