I. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

• ____: Multicellular fungi

• ____: Single-cell fungi

• ____: Fungal infection

• ____: Multiorgan infection caused by fungi

• Molds

• Yeasts

• Mycosis

• Systemic mycosis

• _____: Fungal disease that occurs primarily in patients who are immunocompromised

• _____: Fungi that show both a nonmold (e.g., yeast) and a mold phase

• _____: Organism capable of living on decaying organic material

• Opportunistic mycosis

• Dimorphic fungi

• Saprobe

Are long, branching filaments that come together to form the mycelium and has two main types 

Hyphae

• Type of hyphae that have cellular separation or cross-walls.

• Range in diameter from 3 to 6 µm.

Septate hyphae

• Type of hyphae that contain few, if any, cellular separations.

• Range in diameter from 5 to 15 µm.

Sparsely septate (formerly aseptate) hyphae

Also refers to hyphae lacking cross-walls

Coenocytic

• It is a chain of cells formed by budding that resembles true hyphae.

• Differ from true hyphae in that they are constricted at the septa, form branches that begin with septation, and have terminal cells smaller than other cells

Pseudohyphae

_____ extend above the agar or nutrient substrate, and their function is to support reproductive structures called ____.

Aerial hyphae ; conidia

• Function in food absorption and are the portion that extends below the agar surface or nutrient substrate.

Vegetative hyphae

• Sporelike asexual reproductive structures not produced by cleavage,conjugation, or free-cell formation.

• Are only formed by the imperfect fungi.

Conidia

• _____ are single-celled, small conidia.

• ______ are multicellular, large conidia.

• Microconidia 

• Macroconidia 

______ are conidia resulting from the fragmentation of hyphae into individual cells. Some fungi will have it separated by normal ____ cells

Arthroconidia ; (disjunctor)

Conidia that form as the result of budding

Blastoconidia

• Result from terminal cells in the hyphae that enlarge and have thick walls.

• These conidia can survive adverse environmental conditions

Chlamydoconidia

______ are found in molds, whereas similar structures ____ are found in hyphae produced by some yeasts.

Chlamydoconidia ; (chlamydospores)

Conidia formed by being pushed through a small pore in the parent cell

Poroconidia

Tube-shaped conidia that can be branched

Phialoconidia

______ are vase-shaped conidia; the remaining parent outer cell wall takes on a saw-toothed appearance as the conidia are released.

Annelloconidia

• Requires the formation of specialized fungal structures called _____

• Fungi that undergo sexual reproduction are termed ____.

• spores

• perfect fungi

• ____: Spores contained in a saclike structure

• ____: Spores contained in a club-shaped structure

• Ascospores

• Basidiospores

• _____: Spores resulting from the fusion of cells from two different hyphae

• _____: Spores resulting from the fusion of two identical hyphae

• Oospores 

• Zygospores 

It only involves division of the nucleus and cytoplasm

Asexual reproduction