Chapter 17 - Human resource policies & practices

Selection practices

 Model of selection processes in organizations

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Training and development programs

  • Four general skill categories   * Basic literacy   * Technical skills   * Inter-personal skills   * Problem-solving skills
  • Training methods   * @@Formal training@@   * @@Informal training@@   * @@On-the-job training@@: job rotation, apprenticeships, understudy assignments and formal mentoring programs.   * @@Off-the-job training@@: activities such as live classroom lectures, public seminars, self-study programs, Internet courses, webinars, podcasts and group activities that use role-plays and case studies.

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Performance evaluation

  • Three types of behavior that constitute performance at work   * @@Task performance@@: combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks.   * @@Citizenship@@: actions that contribute to the psychological environment of the organization, such as helping others when not required.   * @@Counter-productivity@@: actions that actively damage the organization, including stealing, behaving aggressively towards co-workers, or being late or absent.
  • Methods of performance evaluation   * @@Written essays@@   * @@Critical incidents@@: way of evaluating the behaviors that are key in making the difference between executing a job effectively and executing it ineffectively.   * @@Graphic rating scales@@: evaluation method in which the evaluator rates performance factors on an incremental scale.   * @@Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS)@@: scales that combine major elements from the critical incident and graphic rating scale approaches: the appraiser rates the employees based on items along a continuum, but the points are examples of actual behavior on the given job rather than general descriptions or traits.   * @@Forced comparison@@: method of performance evaluation where an employee’s performance is made in explicit comparison to others (e.g., an employee may rank third out of ten employees in her work unit).     * GrouporderrankingGroup order ranking: evaluation method that places employees into a particular classification, such as quartiles.     * IndividualrankingIndividual ranking: evaluation method that rank-orders employees from best to worst.

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