Anatomy Test 1

Where in the body is bile synthesized?

Liver

Which of the following produces NO digestive enzymes?

Liver

Which enzyme is found in saliva?

Amylase

Which is the correct order of food passage through the digestive system?

Stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine

Which of the following is NOT an example of chemical digestion?

Dehydration synthesis

Which type of food is not digested, and is therefore eliminated from our body?

Fiber

The stomach has millions of

Gastric pits

What secretes mucus?

Mucus cells

A

Teeth

B

Tonsils

C

Hard palate

D

Soft palate

E

Uvula

F

Tongue

G

Lingual Frenulum

intake of food

Ingestion

Movement through GI track

Propulsion

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by the body

Digestion

Uptake of nutrients into the epithelial cells of the digestive track

Absorption

Removal of undigested materials

Defecation

What moistens food with mucus and is a type of chemical breakdown?

Salivary glands

Cleft lip, cleft palate, hairy tongue, thrush, cold sore

Mouth disorders

Contractions that push food down the esophagus

Peristalsis

Opens and closes to allow food in and out of body

Sphincters

Connection between the trachea and esophagus

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Increases surface area in stomach

Rugae

Chemical and mechanical digestion occurs here

Stomach

Gastric pits secrete

Mucus, pepsin, and hydrochloric acid

3 parts of small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Pancreatic juice, bile, intestinal juice interact with food here

Duodenum

Lymph nodes that prevent infection

Ileum

Has many villi for absorption

Jejunum

Produces bile as a waste ; chemical digestion

Liver

Emulsifies fats

Bile

Re-absorption of water and electrolytes; mechanical digestion

Large intestine

Diarrhea, constipation, appendicitis, colon cancer, diverticulitis

Large intestine disorders

Holding area at end of colon

Rectum

Exit of GI tract

Anus

3 places mechanical digestion occurs

Mouth, stomach, small intestine

Made in the walls of the small intestine

Intestinal juice

Mixture of enzymes and acids that chemically breakdown proteins

Gastric juice

Holds the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Lingual frenulum

Carbs are digested in

Mouth

Proteins are digested in

Stomach

Lipids are digested in

Small intestine

3 types of muscles

Smooth, striated, cardiac

Secretion from the salivary glands

Saliva

Helps push food down to the back of the mouth

Tongue

Chief cells produce

Pepsin

Parietal cells produce

Hydrochloric acid

Prevents the stomach from digesting itself

Mucus

Chronic seepage of stomach acid into the esophagus

Acid reflux

Occasional acid burning of esophagus

Heartburn

Inflammation of the gums

Gingivitis

Inflammation of tissue around tooth

Periodontitis

Caused by obesity, hypertension, pregnancy, or strain during bowel movements

Hemorrhoids

Lymph Nodes of the Oral Cavity

Tonsils

Absorbs water and vitamin k

Colon

Crystallization of cholesterol in gallbladder

Gallstones

Helps to prevent infection

Lymph nodes

2 types of sphincters in the stomach+location

Cardiac/gastrosophageal (start) and pyloric (end)

In pharynx; prevents from entering the lung

Epiglottis

Scaring of tissue by acid

Ulcer

Improper formation of lip/palate during fetal development

Cleft lip/palate

Study of the structure and shape of the body

Anatomy

Anatomy with large, visible structures

Gross Anatomy

Anatomy studied with a magnifying instrument

Microscopic Anatomy

Study of how body parts function/work

Physiology

Structure often determines

Function

Anatomical position

body erect, feet together, palms facing forward

Allows medical personnel to talk about specific areas of the body

Surface/regional landmarks

Organization of life from smallest to biggest

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Life function that provides the body with energy

Respiration

Life function that forms bigger things from smaller things using bonds

Synthesis

Life function that circulates and absorbs things

Transport

Life function that produces offspring

Reproduction

Life function that allows us to lose weight from heat and calories

Assimilation

Life process by which living things take in materials from its environment for growth and repair

Nutrition

Life function that allows organisms to grow

Growth

Life function that gets rid of liquid and gaseous waste

Excretion

Life function that maintains homeostasis

Regulation

Life function that works with the digestive system most closely

Nutrition

2 types of intestinal parasites

Tape worms, roundworms

Two types of hernias and the gender they are more common in

Umbilical-females
Inguinal-males

Inferior part of the colon

Caecum

Vestigial organ of the digestive system

Appendix

Formation of pockets in the colon

Diverticulitis

Surgery that allows people to have a colostomy bag

Colostomy

Ulcers in the anus

Anorectal ulcer

2 places where fat is stored+location

Greater omentum-stretches over small intestine
lesser omentum-stretches from stomach to liver

2 types of obesity surgery+level of invasiveness

Bands+staples-more invasive
ties that can be loosened or tightened-less invasive

A

Sagittal/Medial Sagittal

B

Frontal/Coronal

C

Transverse/Cross-section

A

Thoracic

B

Cranial

C

Diaphragm

D

Abdominal

E

Pelvic

F

Spinal