All Modules for RBT Exam, Module 29 -Discrete Trial Training, Module 28 - Shaping Behavior, Module 27 - Skill Acquisition Treatment, Module 25/26 - Functional Analysis, Module 24 - Descriptive Functional Assessment, Module 23 - The Functions of Behav...

primary reinforcement

unlearned, biologically innate reinforcement that does not require teaching, such as food

Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is another name for Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).

Discrete Trial Training (DTT)

An ABA-based intervention in which skills are task analyzed, and each of the smaller (discrete) skills are taught through repetition of stimulus presentation, prompting, and reinforcement. These skills are then systematically recombined into the larger skills or skill sets and are taught for generalization, discrimination, and maintenance

Early Intensive Behavior Intervention (EIBI) is based on the work of _________________.

a. dixon

b. lindsley

c. lovaas

Lovaas

Discrete Trial Training consists of massed trials of stimulus - response - reinforcement.

true

Discrete Trials are usually presented at a slower pace so that the child with Autism has enough time to process what is being asked.

false

DTT sessions usually expose the child to only one question repeatedly to ensure correct responding.

false

Discrimination

Behavior occurs in the presence of specific stimuli but not in the presence of similar stimuli.

discriminative stimulus (SD)

-stimulus in the presence of which reinforcement is available

- the correct stimulus

stimulus delta

- stimulus in the presence of which, reinforcement is not available

- the "incorrect" stimulus

multiple exemplar training

Teaching multiple examples of the SD and the SΔ until the concept is able to be applied to untrained stimuli

Which of the following is NOT a teaching phase of DTT?

A. Generalization

B. Stimulus Control

C. Toleration

toleration

The stage of learning in which a new skill is taught

A. Acquisition

B. Discrimination

C. Stimulus Control

A. Acquisition

Behavior occurs in the presence of specific stimuli but not in the presence of similar stimuli.

A. Discrimination

B. Generalization

C. Maintenance

discrimination

Stimulus in the presence of which, reinforcement is not available.

A. Discriminative Stimulus

B. Generalization Stimulus

C. Stimulus Delta

stimulus data

Teaching multiple examples of the SD and the SΔ until the concept is able to be applied to untrained stimuli

A. Discrete Trial Training

B. Multiple Exemplar Training

C. Natural Environment Training

B. Multiple Exemplar Training

Exposing a child to only round things to teach the concept of "circle" is then followed by pairing round things with triangles and asking the child to select the circle.

A. Acquisition

B. Discrimination

C. Generalization

discrimination

generalization

behavior that occurs in response to similar stimuli without additional training

Teaching the child to identify a circle using a picture of a circle, a ball, and a round puzzle piece, then presenting a hamburger and a ham sandwich and asking them to choose the round object.

A. Acquisition

B. Generalization

C. Maintenance

generalization

Generalization training and discrimination training can be conducted together.

true

Behavior that occurs in response to similar stimuli without additional training

A. Discrimination

B. Generalization

C. Stimulus Control

generalization

stimulus control

when a stimulus reliably elicits a behavior even without direct, immediate reinforcement

Drinking water because you are thirsty instead of waiting on an adult to tell you to drink is an example of

A. Generalization

B. Maintenance

C. Stimulus Control

stimulus control

Maintenance trials usually occur less often over time.

true

The best way to ensure a child maintains a skill learned through DTT is to select skills that are used in natural contexts.

true

Discrete Trial Training has been criticized for which of the following?

A. Creating inflexible learners

B. Lack of generalization of skills

C. Both a and b

both a and b

Parasha is learning to make his bed. He struggles most with smoothing the sheets, but finds it easy to place his pillow and coverlet. He loves to see his bed completely made, but curses a great deal when smoothing the sheets. What form of chaining does this information suggest you try first?

A. Backward Chaining

B. Forward Chaining

C. Total Task Chaining

backward chaining

Benny and Elaine say "I love you" at the end of every phone conversation. What reinforcement schedule is that?

NOT FIXED INTERVAL

When starting a new match-to-sample program, it is a good idea to choose items the child finds highly reinforcing.

false

shaping

Behavior change method in which reinforcement is delivered for successive approximations toward the target behavior.

shaping frequency

Use when behavior occurs at an unacceptably low rate OR at an unacceptably high rate

A speaker's mand is an SD for the listener to act.

true

One way the Hanley model differs from the Iwata model is

A. there are more test conditions

B. the control condition is eliminated

C. target behaviors are less specific

C. target behaviors are less specific

The end product of a Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement preference assessment is items scoring based on _______________________________________________________.

A. duration of engagement

B. percent of opportunities

C. rank ordering

C. rank ordering

Which of the following is an example of shaping frequency?

A. Each night, James is required to complete one more homework problem than he did the night before.

B. James is given a packet of homework at the beginning of each week, with each night's work labeled. Anything he fails to complete for a given night is added to the next night's requirements.

C. Neither a nor b

A. Each night, James is required to complete one more homework problem than he did the night before.

A probe session is conducted to

A. assess whether a skill can be performed without prompts

B. To assess whether the person will initiate the task independently

C. To assess the reason for multiple errors

A. assess whether a skill can be performed without prompts

Who holds the power in a service relationship?

a. service provider

b. service recipient

c. power is shared

service recipient

Endurance is shaped by gradually changing _______________ requirements.

A. Duration

B. Frequency

C. Latency

duration

It is acceptable to change two components of a single behavior in one shaping schedule.

true

A process used to examine the antecedents and consequences of behaviors in order to determine the purpose of the behavior.

A. Functional Behavior Assessment

B. Neurological Testing

C. Psychological Examination

A. Functional Behavior Assessment

The term "successive approximations" refers to the behavior change methodology called

A. backward chaining

B. forward chaining

C. shaping

shaping

When a behavior is elicited by a stimulus without additional prompts and reinforcers, ________________________ has been attained.

A. behavioral momentum

B. stimulus control

C. stimulus equivalence

B. stimulus control

Positive punishers teach a valuable lesson. Negative punishers are abusive.

false

Skill Acquisition Plan

A written plan outlining goals, objectives, teaching methods, and data collection procedures for teaching a specific skill or set of skills.

Skill acquisition goals are based on

a. assessment results

b. previous objectoves

c. session length

assessment results

Skill acquisition plans include goals, objectives, ___________________, and data collection.

a. benchmarks

b. materials

c. timeline

materials

Goals are more specific versions of benchmark objectives.

false

Before a session, the RBT must ensure all ______________ are available, organized, and accessible.

a. documents

b. materials

c. permissions

materials

teaching should always occur in the same setting and at the same time

false

Otis wants to know how long it takes Fred and Laura to initiate work after being told to begin. Is this a good example of a behavioral measurement?

A. It depends

B. No

C. Yes

NOT IT DEPENDS

Rate and frequency counts require ___________________ behaviors.

a. covert

b. discrete

c. subjective

discrete

Self monitoring is a good approach for ensuring you uphold a client's dignity.

true

Social skills training is enhanced by teaching children and adolescents to use slang.

true

Teaching should always occur in the same setting and at the same time.

false

Preference assessments and reinforcer assessments are NOT the same thing.

true

Parasha is learning to make his bed. He struggles most with smoothing the sheets, but finds it easy to place his pillow and coverlet. He loves to see his bed completely made, but curses a great deal when smoothing the sheets. What form of chaining does this information suggest you try first?

a. backward chaining

b. forward chaining

c. total task chaining

Skill acquisition goals are based on

a. assessment results

b. previous objectives

c. session length

assessment results

Scatterplot markers should be connected by a line.

false

Telling someone to do something is a verbal prompt.

a. always

b. sometimes

c. never

sometimes

The usefulness of environmental manipulation depends upon the degree of preparation.

true

Data collection procedures may also include information about completion criteria and reversal criteria.

true

Which of the following is included in a functional behavior assessment?

A. A description of the environmental requirements for successful functioning

B. A description of the supervision style of the parent or teacher

C. Identification of reinforcers that are maintaining the behavior.

C. Identification of reinforcers that are maintaining the behavior.

Functional Analysis

Direct form of functional behavior assessment in which antecedents and consequences are systematically tested to determine the controlling variables of a specific target behavior.

Functional Analysis uses _______________________________ research design.

a. control group

b. quasi-expiremental

c. single subject

single subject

Functional analysis provides higher certainty results with lower response effort than descriptive functional assessment.

true

The form of functional behavior assessment that directly tests antecedents and consequences to determine function

A. Descriptive Functional Assessment

B. Experimental Functional Analysis

C. Both a and b

b. experimental functional analysis

IISCA process

1. Design a control condition

2. Design test conditions

3. Begin with the control condition

4. Running test conditions

The IISCA is an approach to functional assessment that moves Iwata's test conditions into the natural environment.

false

One way the Hanley model differs from the Iwata model is

A. there are more test conditions

B. the control condition is eliminated

C. target behaviors are less specific

C. target behaviors are less specific

The IISCA conditions typically are run for 3-5 minutes at a time.

true

environmental manipulation

bridge between descriptive and experimental functional analysis, takes place in natural setting, analyst assigns antecedents and consequences (collects data), still correlational, incomplete control of variables, higher certainty than purely descriptive analysis

tips for improving environmental manipulation data

collect good pre-assessment information, pre-plan the manipulation, prepare confederates, create comparative manipulations

ABC recording is a method of data collection developed by

A. Bijou

B. Keller

C. Skinner

bijou

In ABA, reliability is demonstrated through

A. Interobserver Agreement

B. Split-Half Calculations

C. Test-Retest Correlations

interobserver agreement

Typically a functional analysis session lasts

A. 1 minute

B. 10 minutes

C. 1 hour

10 minutes

Overlearning is a concept related to...

a. acquisition

b. fluency

c. generalization

fluency

For a reinforcer to be positive, it must

add a stimulus to the environment

Usually, data collection in a functional analysis is based on

a.duration

experimental functional analysis

A disorder similar to Autism Spectrum Disorder but without the related behavioral symptoms

a. A. Asperger's Disorder

B. Pervasive Developmental Disorder

C. Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder

not asperber's disorder

Functional Behavior Assessment

A process for determining the environmental events that elicit problem behavior

Descriptive Functional Assessment

Method of identifying the antecedents and consequences of a target behavior by observing and recording events as they occur in the natural environment.

Three Term Contingency (ABC)

Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

four time contingency

motivating operation, antecedent, behavior, consequenece

social positive

- attention (pleasant v. unpleasant, adult v. peer)

- activities with others

- access to places or things

social negative

- avoidance, escape

automatic or unknown

- code as no stimulus change

- may record behaviors of the person that indicate internal events (smiling, jumping up and down, etc.)

A process used to examine the antecedents and consequences of behaviors in order to determine the purpose of the behavior.

A. Functional Behavior Assessment

B. Neurological Testing

C. Psychological Examination

FBA

TRUE OR FALSE: there are two main approaches for conducting an FBA

true

Another name for the three-term contingency

A. ABCs of behavior

B. Functional Analysis

C. Positive Reinforcement

ABC's

Antecedents come __________________ the behavior and ___________________ the consequence.

a. after, before

b. before, after

c. before, before

before, before

Stimuli are types of

a. antecedents

b. consequences

c. both a and b

c. both a and b

The three-term contingency becomes the four-term contingency if we add

A. motivating operations

B. punishers

C. reinforcers

motivating operations

When collecting ABC data in a descriptive functional behavior assessment, consequences are groups into _______________ categories.

A. arbitrary

B. functional

C. superfluous

functional

One way to complete a descriptive functional behavior assessment is to derive a function based on interviews and questionnaires.

false

RBTs may be asked to conduct interviews or administer questionnaires as part of the FBA process.

false

An RBT may use the results of an interview or questionnaire conducted by the BCBA to

A. decide whether to conduct a descriptive or experimental FBA

B. develop a schedule of observations for ABC recording

C. collect items for a preference assessment.

c. collect items for a preference assessment

Treatment integrity refers to the degree to which the RBT

A. Follows the BACB's ethical code for RBTs

B. Follows the written instructions in a program plan.

C. Reports unethical behavior of parents and caregivers.

Reinforcement for correct responding in a motor imitation trial is usually...

A. Social

B. Tangible

C. Unnecessary

social

Nancy's RBT puts her shoes on for her, straightens the tongue, and pulls the strings tight. Nancy then ties her shoes. Nancy is learning to put on her shoes via

A. Backward Chaining

B. Forward Chaining

C. Total Task Chaining

NOT FORWARD CHAINING

TRUE OR FALSE: Skinner was a strong believer in free will.

false