WORDS THAT MAY HAVE IN FINAL EXAM

Communism = Marxism

Chủ nghĩa Cộng sản

Protectorate

lãnh thổ thuộc quyền bảo hộ của một quốc gia

a military coup = coup d’état

cuộc đảo chính

propaganda

truyền bá nhằm mục đích thao túng dư luận

dictatorship

chế độ độc tài

hegemony

dominance and leadership of a country or group over others in political and cultural aspects ~ quyền thống trị

cultural assimilation

đồng hóa văn hóa

nationalism = patriotism

lòng tự tôn dân tộc hoặc chủ nghĩa yêu nước

transnationalism

the cultural, economic and political connections between people and institutions across national border ~ chủ nghĩa liên quốc gia gồm các vấn đề xuyên quốc gia

diaspora

a group of people who moved from their homeland and settled in different parts of the world while maintaining their cultural connections ~ cộng đồng người di cư hoặc kiều dân

sovereignty

the authority of a state to govern itself without outside forces ~ chủ quyền

ethnic enclave

a community where people with the same ethnic backgrounds live together, maintaining cultural traditions ~ China town hay little Saigon

regionalism

a political or cultural system that emphasizes the interests and identities of a specific region over global perspective ~ hợp tác khu vực như ASEAN hoặc EU

territorial integrity

the principle in which sovereignty states have the right to protect their national border from another state ~ sự toàn vẹn lãnh thổ

a proxy war

an armed conflict in which one or more parties receive support from external third-party powers ~chiến tranh ủy nhiệm

embargo

an order to officially stop trading with another country ~ lệnh cấm vận

compromise

a mutual agreement in which the people involved reduce their demands in order to agree ~ sự thỏa hiệp hoặc chấp nhận nhượng bộ

Junzi

a morally superior individual in Confucian teaching ~ quân tử

neo-confucianism

a revival of Confucian principles in later period ~ Tân nho giáo hoặc Tân Khổng giáo

Filial piety

deep respect to one’s parents or elders ~ hiếu thảo

collectivism

prioritizing the needs of a group over individual desires ~ chủ nghĩa cộng đồng

nomadism

a way of life in which people do not settle permanently in one location but instead move from place to place ~ chủ nghĩa du mục

promulgation

a public announcement of a new law ~ công bố hoặc ban hành

amity

a good relationship between countries ~ tình hữu nghị

elitist diplomacy

private diplomatic talks involving influential leaders ~ ngoại giao tinh hoa

musyawarah

a commitment to peaceful, consensus-based decision-making ~ thảo luận để đạt được sự đồng thuận

renunciation

the formal rejection of violence and aggression ~ bác bỏ bạo lực và cực đoan

ethnic pluralism

the coexistence of multiple distinct ethnic groups within a society ~ đa nguyên săc tộc

agrarian society

agricultural society

white supremacy

the belief that white people are better in some ways than other groups ~ người da trắng thượng đẳng

feudalism

chế độ phong kiến

primitive communal society

cộng xã nguyên thủy

salve-owning society

chiếm hữu nô lệ

-oriented/ -orientated

showing the direction in which sth is aimed ~ định hướng

gourmand = gourmet

a person who enjoys eating ~ người sành ăn

asceticism

a practice of living a simple life without physical pleasure, often for religious reasons ~ tu khổ hạnh

caste

a system of dividing society into classes ~ hệ thống phân chia giai cấp

staple

a food that is eaten regularly and forms a dominant part of a diet ~ thực phẩm chính như gạo, ngô, khoai tây

ritual

a spiritual or ceremonial acts, often done for spiritual or cultural reasons ~ lễ nghi hoặc phong tục

thali

in India, a set of meal served on a metal plate with small bowls ~ khay cơm truyền thống của Ấn Độ

spice

substance used to flavor food, often aromatic or from plants ~ gia vị

sultanate

a state or country ruled by sultan ~ vương quốc Hồi giáo

sustenance

food

genocide

mass killing based on race, religion or ethnicity ~ diệt chủng

censorship

suppression of info or ideas deemed to be dangerous or offensive ~ sự kiểm duyệt

fundamentalism

the belief in old and traditional forms of religion ~ chủ nghĩa tư tưởng cực đoan

theocracy

a government ruled by or strongly influenced by a religious authority ~ chính thể thần quyền

liberalization

a process of making a system or country more open or democratic

cultural relativism

the belief that moral principles vary across cultures and contexts

humane governance

ethical and humane treatment of citizens beyond political system ~ quản trị nhân đạo

secularism

the separation of religion from political and public institutions ~ chủ nghĩa thế tục

treason

the crime of helping your country’s enemies or attempting to illegally remove its government ~ tội phản quốc

rebellion

violent actions organized by a group of people who are trying to change the political system of their country ~ cuộc khởi nghĩa

terrorism

violent actions designed to cause fear among people in order to achieve political aims ~ chủ nghĩa khủng bố

riot

a noisy and violent public gathering ~ bạo loạn

protest

a strong complaint against something ~ biểu tình

cast ballot

secret voting ~ bỏ phiếu kín

primogeniture

the custom by which the inheritance is passed down to the oldest son ~ quyền thừa kế của con trai cả

oppress

to unfairly and cruelly govern people and prevent them from having opportunities and freedom ~ đàn áp hoặc bốc lột

homogenization

the process by which different cultures become more similar due to migration or globalization ~ đồng nhất văn hóa

cosmopolitanism

belief in global citizenship and shared humanity ~ chủ nghĩa công dân toàn cầu

mestizo

a cultural group formed by both indigenous and European influences ~ người lai, đặc biệt giữa người TBN và Mỹ bản địa

acculturation

process by which cultures blend and adapt through contact ~ sự tiếp biến văn hóa

colonialism

system of control in which a foreign power rules a region ~ chủ nghĩa thực dân

national identity

nationalism

folk traditions

rural and community-based customs passed down through generations ~ truyền thống dân gian

cultural revival

efforts to preserve and restore older cultural practices

town square

a central public space often used in colonial planning ~ quảng trường