Note 65 - Reproductive Hormones - Reading

What are the male sex cells produced by the testes called?

Sperm

What hormone is primarily produced by the interstitial cells of the testes?

Testosterone

What process occurs when a male and female sex cell fuse?

Fertilization

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Secretes fructose into the semen to provide energy for the sperm.

What do the ovaries produce besides eggs?

The hormones estrogen and progesterone.

What marks the beginning of the female menstrual cycle?

The shedding of the endometrium, known as menstruation.

What is the primary female sex hormone that develops secondary sexual characteristics?

Estrogen

What structure forms after ovulation from the follicular cells?

Corpus luteum

What is the role of the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?

It degenerates after about 10 days into a scar called corpus albicans.

Which hormone regulates the production of testosterone in males?

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

What does the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulate in males?

The production of sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules.

What initiates the menstrual cycle at puberty in females?

The release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.

What phase comes after the flow phase in the menstrual cycle?

Follicular phase

What is the process by which sperm cells are formed called?

Spermatogenesis

What happens to estrogen and progesterone levels if fertilization does not occur?

They decrease, leading to menstruation.

What cell does the primary oocyte develop into during ovulation?

Secondary oocyte.

What hormone is primarily released by the corpus luteum?

Progesterone.

Which gland controls HIV and LH secretion in the male reproductive system?

The pituitary gland.

What is the average duration of the female menstrual cycle?

28 days.

What kind of feedback system maintains hormone balance in the male reproductive system?

Negative feedback system.

What happens during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

The corpus luteum forms and the endometrium thickens.