Water and carbon cycle

A level geog

What are the five spheres of the earth

Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Cryosphere

5 components of a system

Input,Output,flow,store,Boundary

What percentage of earths water located in hydrosphere

97.5%

What is the 2.5% of the earths freshwater stored

68.7 in glaciers and ice caps, 30.1% located in the lithosphere as groundwater

Latent heat definition

Energy taken from their surroundings to give the final energy to break bonds

Three types of rainfall

Relief, Convectional and frontal

What is relief rainfall

Rainfall on a mountain where water evporates, moves up the mountain, condenses and precipitation is realessed back down the mountain

What is convectional rainfall

In areas with suns intense heat, warm air rises and condenses to form clouds, precipitation realeased and if there is warm rising air becomes intense, heavy rainfall cools the ground which stops warm rising air.

What is frontal rainfall

When the warm air rises over the cool(denser and heavier air) and then cools and condenses forming clouds, which then releases precipitation

how do clouds form

Clouds form when water vapour reaches its dew point on condensation nuclei, these condense or collide and become larger and eventually visible as clouds, get pulled down by gravity eventually due to being too heavy

Dew point definition

the specific temperature to which air must be cooled (at constant pressure) for it to become fully saturated and begin to condense water vapor into liquid droplets

Saturation definition

the state where all available pore spaces in soil or rock are completely filled with water, resulting in no room for more water to infiltrate

What are the features of a drainage basin

Source, Floodplain, Watershed,Mouth, Drainage basin Confluence(the area where the rivers meet) and tributary ( where a smaller river joins the main one) and

What are the inputs and outputs in a drainage basin

Inputs: Percipitation Outputs: River runoff, Transpiration and evaporation

All store in a drainage basin

Interception, surface storage, Groundeater storage, Vegetation storage, Channel storage, Channel flow

All flows in a drainage basin

Stemflow, thorough flow, infiltration, percolation, infiltration, groundwater flow and surface runoff

What are the four states in the water balance

Soil moisture surplus, soil moisture utilisation, soil moisture deficit, soil moisture recharge

Residence time definition

The amount of water in a store divided by either the rate of addition of water to the store or the loss from it

Relative humidity definition

The amount of water vapour in the air at a specific temperature compared to how much the air could possible hold at that temperature

Why is their less evaporation when the air is more humid

Because the air can hold not water vapour so it does not rise higher and evaporate higher, the air can hold more water vapour

How is ice formed

By the compression of falling snow, when layers of snow fall the air is forced out of the snow at the base, forming a denser substance known as Névé and then ice, this then mete when glacier moves into more temperate conditions