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Indigenous

Referring to the original inhabitants of a region, particularly in the context of Native peoples.

Eeyou Istchee

Name for the Cree territory in the Eastern James Bay region, meaning 'The People’s Land'.

Anishinaabe

Autonym for a group of culturally related First Peoples, translates as 'first man' or 'good person'; also referred to as the Ojibwa.

Medewiwin

A secretive religion among woodlands peoples, focuses on sacred healing methods and maintaining a relationship with the earth.

Cree

The most populous Indigenous people on Turtle Island, widely distributed from Alberta to Quebec, and with the most spoken Indigenous language within Canadian borders.

Royal Proclamation of 1763

Issued by King George III, asserting British control over North America and stating that Aboriginal title to lands exists.

Fur Trade

Economic system based on the exchange of fur, primarily beaver pelts, that heavily involved Indigenous peoples as middlemen.

Cultural Appropriation

The act of taking or using elements of one culture by members of another culture without permission, often leading to loss of cultural identity.

Wiigwaasabak

Birchbark scrolls used by the Anishinaabe to record complex patterns, allowing for the preservation of oral history and sacred knowledge.

Norval Morrisseau

An Indigenous artist known as 'Copper Thunderbird' and 'the Picasso of the North', who founded the Woodland School of Art.

Algonquian Languages

A family of languages spoken by various Indigenous peoples in North America, including the Cree and Anishinaabe.

Seasonal Animal Migrations

The cyclical movement of various animal species which Indigenous nations follow for hunting and sustenance.

Seven Years War

A global conflict from 1756 to 1763 primarily between Britain and France, significantly impacting Indigenous groups.

Chickasaw

A Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States, known for their historical resilience and rich culture.

Cree Youth

Young members of the Cree Nation, particularly those from the James Bay area, who are integral to the continuation of Cree culture and language.

Pictograph

A symbol or image used to represent an idea or object, typically found in Indigenous art and storytelling.