FC MT 4 + 5 Skeletal System

Number of bones in the body

Number of bones in the body

206

What are joints?

(or articulation) the area where two or more bones are connected

What is cartilage, and what are its functions?

connective tissues that act as a shock absorber

cushion and protect joints, allowing them to move

Give examples of body parts containing cartilage.

ears, intervertebral discs, meniscus

What is a tendon, what is it capable of doing and what does it connect?

a tough band of connective fibrous tissue capable of withstanding tension
connects bone to muscle

Give an example of a tendon.

Achilles tendon, the rotator cuff tendon

What is a ligament, and what does it connect?

A fibrous connective tissue
connects bones to bones

Give an example of a ligament.

Anterior cruciate ligament

What is a foramen?

hole opening between two cavities in the bone for passage of vessels and nerves

Name examples of the foramen

mental foramina and supraorbital foramen

process.

a projection from a larger body or structure

an example of a process

the process of a mandible is the part of the lower jaw that projects forward

bursa

small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between parts in the body’s joints (next to tendons)

example of bursa

the patella bursa above knee

suture

symphisis

(fibrocartilaginous) a joint where the body (physis) of bone meets the body of another and allows for small movement

example of symphisis

pubic symphisis- allows for small movement during childbirth

What are synovial joints, what does it allow and do

the most common joint
allows for a wide range of motion
prevents friction between bones from movement

examples of synovial joints

ball and socket, hinge, gliding

ball and socket joints

(or anorthrosis) an articulation where the rounded head of one bone fits into the cavity of the other and moves in any direction

examples of ball and socket joints

shoulder and hip joints allow for many movements (forwards, backwards, sideways, rotating)

hinge joints

(Straight movements) joint in the body that allows motion in one plane

examples of hinge joints

elbow joint, finger joint

Axial Skeleton (location, function, bones)

• location: forms the central axis of the body (head, neck, back, chest)

• function: provides support and protection for vital organs (brain, spinal cord, heart)

• bones: skull, vertebrae, sternum, coccyx

Appendicular (location, function, bones)

Location: all the bones that attach (append) to axial (limbs, shoulders, pelvis)

Function: Allows for movement for activities (walking, running, reaching)

Bones: Arms, legs, feet, shoulder girdle (clavicle and scapula), pelvic girdle (hip bones),

Luxation

Complete dislocation when bones are completely pushed out of place

Impacts of Luxation

• damage to bones and tissues

• muscle strains

• nerve and blood vessel damage

Subluxation

A partial or incomplete dislocation

Impacts of Subluxation

• discomfort

• acute pain and swelling

• joint instability

• systematic dysfunction

Chondromalacia

Abnormal softening or break down of the cartilage inside a joint

Impacts of Chondromalacia

• knee tenderness

• pain after prolonged sitting, using stairs, during or after activities

Fracture

a partial or complete break in bone caused by strong force exerted

Impacts of Fracture

• disturbs structure and strength of bone

• pain

• loss of function

• bleeding

Crecipitation

A dry grinding, crackling sound or sensation that occurs when moving a joint

Impacts of Crecipitation

• crepitus can become painful, cause reduced mobility, joint damage or disability