European medicine

How did European medicine originate?

Hippocrates and Aristotle

Father of medicine

Hippocrates

How did Hippocrates believe sickness was created by?

bodily problems, not by evil spirits

Who started the science of botany?

Aristitle nd Theophrastus

What was Greek and Roman medicine based on?

the belief that the world was composed of four elements

The four elements and their humours

Earth=blood

air=phlegm

fire= black bile

water=yellow bile

What do the 4 humors influence?

both health and temperament; cold, heat, dampness, dryness

Most significant Greek contribution

De Materia Medica

Who wrote De Materia Medica

Dioscorides

De Materia was the first European what?

herbal

Paracelsus

emphasized the importance of the correct dose for medical treatmenrts

William Witherington

experimented with foxglove extracts for heart problems

What are some active compounds isolated from plants?

atropine, reserpine, morphine, quinidine, ajmaline, digoxin, taxol, vinblastine

Urtica dioica

Stinging nettle

where does stinging nettle come from?

EU and Asia

Is Stinging nettle monoecious or dioecious?

dioecious, trichome

Part of plant used

leaves or roots

Part that is Antirheumatic

leaves

Part that is used for urological purposes

roots

What do root extracts help with?

enlarged prostate

What compounds in the leaves show mild diuretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory action?

Phenolic compounds

What else can the leaves be used for

as a nutritional supplement due to high mineral content

Valeriana officinalis

Valerian

where is valerian found

Europe and ASia

part of valerian plant used

aromatic rhizomes and fleshy roots

Valerenic acid is what type of oil?

a volatile oil

how is valerian used?

as a non-addictive tranquilizer to ease menopause or PMS symptoms

Clinical studies on valerian prove

its effect on easing sleeplessness and minor nervous conditions

What is aromatherapy?

healing system that uses essential oils in the form of inhalations, messages, baths and perfumes to improve physical and psychological health

Who fisrt used the term aromatherapy?

Ren’e Gattefosse

Ren’e Gattefosse is the father of what?

Aromatherapy

Subset of volatile oils

essential oils

what are essential oils?

known to have various health benefits when absorbed thru the mucous membranes of the nose or lungs or thru the skin

 Bach flower therapy?

similar to aromatherapy in that plant-derived compounds are used to alter mood

What is Bach flower therapy based on?

liquid extracts of wildflowers

Dr. Edward Bach believed

physical illness is a manifestation of emotional problems

The “signature” of each flower purpose

treats patterns of disharmony in indivduals

Homeopathy name meaning

“like” “suffering”

What does homeopathy entail using?

using natural ingredients, no chemically active compounds

What is one of the most widely practiced alternative therapies in the Western world?

homeopathey

Basic principle of “like cures like” dates back to whom?

To whom it be , hippocrates

How are plants used in homeopathy?

used in very dilute form to treat illnesses associated with the high doses of the same plants

homeopathic dose example

high dose could be emetic; a dilute dose is anti-emetic

Belladonna in diluted form is used to cure what?

scarlet fever

What other items besides plants are popular in homeopathy?

minerals (sulfur)

animal products (bee venom)

What is naturopathy?

it emphasizes supporting health rather than combating diseases

Naturopathic methods

acupuncture

reflexology

reiki

rolfing

Tai chi

yoga