General Science (Human)

Is strep throat caused by a bacterium or a virus?

Bacterium

Each person has ___ alleles for every trait

two (one from each parent)

The central nervous system is composed of the ____ and the ____.

brain; spinal cord

Antibiotic drugs are not effective against illnesses caused by ____.

There are several possible answers; examples include viruses, diet and lifestyle choices, and genetic disorders.

What role does pepsin in the body?

pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach

Where in the body are the tarsal bones located?

The ankles

What is produced in the testes?

sperm

___carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The ___carries urine from the bladder outside the body.

Ureters; urethra

Name the four major components of blood.

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

What is the difference between bone and cartilage?

Bones are more rigid and provide the body's framework. Cartilage is more flexible and is found at the ends of bones, in joints, and in the nose and ears.

Carnivores eat ___, while omnivores eat both.

consumers; producers and consumers.

Another acceptable answer is: animals; plants and animals

Define endometrium

The endometrium is the lining of the uterus.

Where in the body are blood cells created?

bone marrow

If a person has two alleles that are different for a particular gene, that person is ___ for that particular gene.

heterozygous

Is the flu caused by a bacterium or a virus?

a virus

Which two bodily functions are enhanced by calcium

bone growth, muscle function

Define vertebrate

A vertebrate is an animal with a spine.

How many chromosomes do nonreproductive cells have?

46

In the heart, ___ are chambers that collect blood, and ___ are chambers that pump blood.

atria; ventricles

Define photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants take in light energy, water, and carbon dioxide and use these substances to produce sugar and oxygen.

Put these classifications in order from broadest to narrowest: class, domain, family, species, order, phylum.

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?

An exoskeleton is a hard exterior structure: an endoskeleton is a frame located inside the body.

What are the five kingdoms of living things?

Monera (sometimes split into Bacteria and Archea), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Define Biome.

A biome is a major life zone of interrelated species bound together by a similar climate and similar plant and animal life.

What is the common name for the cranium

Skull

In terms of the food web, vultures and wolverines are examples of ___.

Scavengers

Define pathogen.

A pathogen is a disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or virus

Is a person has two alleles that are alike for a particular gene, that person is ___ fort that particular gene.

homozygous

Primary consumers are also known as ___.

herbivores

Plant cells have a rigid ___, while animal cells do not.

cell wall

Which organ in the body employs gastric acid?

Stomach

The ___ is the portion of the brain that controls involuntary actions such breathing.

medulla

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

type AB positive

A person’s physical characteristics, taken all together, are known as that person’s ____.

phenotype

What do white blood cells do?

fight infection

The ___ carries sperm from the testes to the penis by way of the ___.

vas deferents; prostate

What are the four blood types?

A, B, AB, O

Define gamete.

A gamete is a reproductive cell.

Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a(n) ___.

nucleus

Where in the body are the carpal bones located?

the wrists

Define trachea.

The trachea is the windpipe - the passageway from the throat to the lungs.

Where in the body is the ulna located?

forearm

What role do ribosomes play in a eukaryotic cell?

Ribosomes produce proteins.

Which blood type is the universal donor?

type 0

In general, ___ carry oxygenated blood, while ___ carry deoxygenated blood.

arteries; veins

What does DNA do?

DNA contains instructions for the construction of proteins. It determines an organism’s genetic makeup and traits.

Where in the body is the tibia located?

lower leg

What does DNA stand for?

deoxyribonucleic acid

How many chromosomes do human gametes have?

23

Variants of genes are known as ___.

alleles

The ___ is the portion of the brain that controls balance and muscle coordination.

cerebellum

What gases are exchanged in human respiration?

In respiration, human take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?

Both tendons and ligaments are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscle to bones, while ligaments connect bones to other bones.

Define capillaries.

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels, which deliver oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues and carry away deoxygenated blood.

Which organ produces bile?

liver

What is the name of the two largest veins in the body?

venae cavae (plural of vena cava)

What are some factors that can contribute to heart disease?

high cholesterol, height blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking, and excess weight.

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?

Vitamin C

What is the name of the portion of the brain generally considered to be the center of intelligence?

cerebrum

Define esophagus.

The esophagus is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

What is the unique feature of vitamin D?

One of its best sources comes not from diet but from the Sun. The skin generates vitamin D in response to ultraviolet rays.

What is another name for the large intestine?

colon

What is the name of the process by which gametes are produced from diploid cells?

meiosis

What does a positive or negative sign in a blood type indicate?

Rh factor

The respiratory system enables blood cells to absorb ___ and ___ and eliminate ___ and water vapor.

oxygen; carbon dioxide

Define molecule.

A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that has the properties of that substance. A molecule is composed of two or more atoms.

Carnivores are also known as ___ consumers.

secondary

What role do proteins play in nutrition?

Proteins enable the body’s growth and repair of tissues.

What is a zygote?

a fertilized egg

Diploid cells have ___ times the number of chromosomes as do haploid cells.

two

The ___ nervous system controls voluntary actions, and the ___ nervous system controls involuntary activity.

somatic; autonomic

Bananas are a source of which important mineral?

potassium

The aorta is the largest ___ in the body.

artery

Ova are carries from the ovaries to the uterus through the ___.

fallopian tubes

The ___ is the major connecting center between the brain and the nerve network.

spinal cord

How does vaccination (immunization) prevent disease?

It causes the immune system to react to a deactivated, weakened, or partial pathogen so that the immune system will react to future exposure to a similar pathogen.

The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is contained in its ___.

nucleus

What is inertia?

the tendency of all matter to resist changes in motion

Put these in order to describe how blood flows from the heart to the body: body, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, lungs right atrium.

right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body

The diaphragm is a system of muscles that allows ___.

breathing

When genetic signals in a cell fail to tell it to stop reproducing, the result may be___.

cancer

In females, the sex chromosomes are ___ and are designated by the letters ___. In males, the sex chromosomes are ___ and are designated by the letters ___.

(female) homozygous; XX

(Males) heterozygous; XY

Where in the body is the humerus bone located?

upper arm

What are some compounds produced by the pancreas?

the enzymes pancreatic amylase, lipase, and trypsin and the hormone insulin (as well as other less well-known hormones)

Producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis, are also known as ___.

autotrophs

What is the common name for the coccyx?

tailbone

Where in the body is the radius bone located?

forearm

If someone has type A+ blood, the plus sign indicates the ___.

Rh factor

Where in the body is the femur located?

thigh

What is the name for nerve cells?

neurons

In cellular respiration, cell organelles called ___ process sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

mitochondria

Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into the soil, are also known as ___.

saprotrophs

Define genotype.

A person’s genotype is the entire genetic makeup of the person, including recessive genes.

What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?

Iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and zinc

What is the common name for hypertension?

High blood pressure

___are animals that eat other organisms.

consumers

Gametes are called ___ because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells.

Haploid (think HAploid= HAlf)

The process by which a cell divides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called ___.

Mitosis

Where in the body is the fibula located?

Lower leg

Define Ovulation.

Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary through the fallopian tube and into the uterus.