Chapter 1: Understanding Leadership

Ability

A natural or acquired capacity to perform a particular activity

Adaptive Leadership

Examines how leaders help people address problems, face challenges, and adapt to change

Approach

A general way of thinking about a phenomenon, not necessarily based on empirical research

Authentic Leadership

An emerging leadership approach that looks at the authenticity of leaders and their leadership

Behavior Approach

An approach to leadership research that focuses on behavior and examines what leaders do and how they act

"Big Five" Personality Factors

Broad categories of personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism)

Connective Leadership

A leadership approach developed by Jean Lipman-Blumen, which recognizes that there are connections and interdependence between individuals and groups with diverse and potentially conflicting backgrounds talents and agendas

Contingency Theory

A leadership theory that focuses on the match between the leader's style and specific situational variables

Dark Side of Leadership

Destructive side of leadership where a leader uses his or her influence or power for personal ends

Emotional Intelligence

Concerned with a person's ability to understand his or her own and others' emotions, and then to apply this understanding to life's tasks; the ability to perceive and express emotions, to use emotions to facilitate thinking, to understand and reason with emotions, and to manage emotions effectively within oneself and in relationships with others

Ethical Leadership

A process by which a good person rightly influences others to accomplish a common good

Gender-Based Studies

Studies that view how one's gender affects and differentiates one's leadership

"Great Man" Theories

Early trait theories of leadership that focused on identifying the innate qualities and characteristics possessed by great social, political, and military leaders (see also trait approach)

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory

Conceptualizes leadership as a process that is centered on the interactions between leaders and followers

Leadership

A process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal

Path-Goal Theory

A leadership theory that examines how leaders use employee motivation to enhance performance and satisfaction

Relational Approach

An approach to leadership research that examines the nature of relations between leaders and followers

Relationship (Process) Behaviors

Behaviors used by leaders that help group members feel comfortable with themselves, with each other, and with the situation in which they find themselves

Servant Leadership

An emerging leadership approach that emphasizes the "caring principle" with leaders as "servants" who focus on their followers' needs in order to help these followers become more autonomous, knowledgeable, and like servants themselves

Seven Cs of Change Model

A model that explains the process of accomplishing positive change through values that enable people to get to the goal

Situational Approach

An approach to leadership research based on the premise that different situations demand different kinds of leadership

Skill

A competency developed to accomplish a task effectively

Spiritual Leadership

An emerging leadership approach that examines how leaders use values, a sense of "calling," and membership to motivate followers

Task Behaviors

Behaviors used by leaders to get the job done

Theory

Includes a set of hypotheses, principles, or laws that explain a given phenomenon

Trait

A distinguishing personal quality that is often inherited (e.g., intelligence, confidence, charisma, determination, sociability, or integrity)

Trait Approach

An approach to leadership research that focuses on identifying the innate qualities and characteristics possessed by individuals (see also "Great Man" theories)

Transformational Leadership Theory

A theory that describes leadership as a process that changes people and organizations

Leadership approach

Behavioral approach employed by leaders to influence, motivate, and direct their followers.

Leadership theory

describes how and why certain individuals become leaders.

Behavior theories

focus on behavior of leaders, meaning what they do and how they act. It explains how leaders use task and relationship behaviors in an organizational setting

Situational theories

explain that different situations demand different kinds of leadership. (Meaning, how you lead depends on what and how the situation you are in is about

Relational theories

examine the nature of relations between leaders and followers. This theory predicts that high-quality relations generate a more positive leader's outcome than low-quality relations.

Spiritual leadership example

a pastor

servant leadership example

Managers who provide strong support to employees to achieve a vision or goal, which will allow employees to grow and grow while bringing their own expertise to the table.

Authentic Leadership example

Leaders that emphasize transparency, genuineness, and honesty. They build genuine relationships by inspiring trust and fostering a positive work environment.

Adaptive Leadership example

adaptive leaders encourage employees to adapt to any given change in the work situation.

Leadership as a trait

means that each individual brings to the table certain qualities that influence the way he or she leads

Leadership as a relationship

becomes a process of collaboration that occurs between leaders and followers.

The 3 main principles of this type of leadership are...

collaboration, interactive events, and ethical overtone of including followers' interests.

Leadership as skill

is the competency developed to accomplish a task effectively. Skilled leaders are competent people who know the means and methods to get things done. It can be learned and studied.

Leadership as a behavior

is what leaders do when they are in a leadership role. The behavioral dimension is concerned with how leaders act towards others in various situations. Unlike traits and skills, behavior is observable.

influence

Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal

three conditions of toxic leadership

Negativity, Narcissism, and Abusive behavior.

Path-goal leadership

examines how leaders use employee's motivation to enhance performance and satisfaction. It is a refined and revised situational theory.