Crim quizzes

Which statement would a proponent of rational choice theory be most likely to make?

Which statement would a proponent of rational choice theory be most likely to make?

“Before someone shoplifts, they think to themselves, ‘How likely am I to get caught?’”

In his book Leviathan, Hobbes recognized which emotion as the motivation for people creating a government and enforcing its laws?

fear

Who was the Enlightenment philosopher who claimed, “The true measure of crimes is namely the harm done to society”?

Cesare Beccaria

Aggregate studies have shown evidence that increased _____ of punishment was associated with less crime for most serious offenses.

certainty

A police department in a college town finds that they frequently must respond to muggings near bars on the outskirts of campus late at night. The chief believes this is due to the typical types of activities college students engage in. This is an example of _____

the lifestyles perspective

A teenager sees their friends vandalize a building on school property and avoid punishment. According to rational choice theory…

the perceived risk of punishment would decrease

The predicted tendency of homicides to increase after an execution is referred to as the _____ effect.

brutilization

An individual decides to drive home from a bar tipsy because they have done so before and not been caught. This is an example of the ______ effect.

experiential

which of these illustrates hedonistic calculus?

A juvenile decides not to shoplift because the potential threat of punishment outweighs the expected enjoyment of owning the piece of clothing.

medieval theories

full moon, lighting, evil spirits

classical school

rationality, free will, deterrence

neoclassical school

mens rea, aggravating and mitigating factors

Based on modern studies on the value systems of individuals in lower socioeconomic classes, which quality would you expect someone in this class to value most highly?

commitment to a conventional job

According to Shaw and McKay, the neighborhoods that have the most crime typically have at least three characteristics: physical dilapidation, poverty, and ______

heterogenous populations

An individual decides to get rich through picking the pockets of tourists in a major urban center and selling their goods to a pawn shop rather than through working hard in a legal profession. This illustrates which type of adaptation to strain?

innovation

A person displaying the focal concern of fate would be most likely to make which statement?

“You just gotta accept the cards you’re dealt.”

A neighborhood gang has a rigid hierarchical structure. The older gang members oversee the activities of the younger ones, ensuring that everyone makes a profit. This type of gang would most likely be labeled a ______ gang.

criminal

Merton’s conceptualization of anomie differed from Durkheim’s in that Merton believed anomie ______

came from an emphasis on wealth accumulation

According to Guerry’s study of national crime statistics, ______ crimes were most likely to occur in wealthy areas.

property

Washington, D.C., has several neighborhoods known for different unified identities, such as Capitol Hill, Georgetown, and Chinatown. These would all be considered ______.

natural areas

A society has multiple highly specialized professions and has led to a large amount of stratification among different groups, to the extent that some of these groups no longer share the same value systems. This is an example of a(n) ______ society.

organic

An individual owes a large amount of money for overdue rent and utilities. To get out of this personal difficulty, they decide to start selling drugs on the street. This is an example of the focal concern of ______.

trouble