Muscle Anatomy and Physiology Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and details related to muscle anatomy and physiology for review in preparation for the exam.

What is the origin of the Upper Trapezius muscle?

Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone and ligamentum nuchae.

What is the function of the Pectoralis Major?

Responsible for flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the shoulder.

Which muscles are involved in elbow flexion?

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis.

Name the muscles that make up the rotator cuff.

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis.

What actions does the Latissimus Dorsi facilitate?

Extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the shoulder.

What is the main action of the Gastrocnemius?

Plantar flexion of the foot and flexion of the knee.

What are the four abdominal muscles?

Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis.

What is the primary role of the Diaphragm?

It aids in breathing by increasing the thoracic cavity volume during inspiration.

Which muscle group is involved in neck flexion?

Sternocleidomastoid and Scalenes.

How do the Semispinalis muscles function?

They extend and rotate the thoracic and cervical spine.

What is the definition of a synergist muscle?

A muscle that assists the prime mover (agonist) in performing a specific movement.

Differentiate between active and passive insufficiency.

Active insufficiency occurs when a muscle cannot generate effective tension; passive insufficiency occurs when a muscle cannot lengthen sufficiently.

What types of contractions are characterized by constant muscle length?

Isometric contractions.

Describe the structure of a sarcomere.

The basic unit of a muscle fiber, consisting of thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments, with regions like I band, A band, and Z line.

What is the role of Elasticity in muscle tissue?

The property that allows muscle tissue to return to its original size and shape after being stretched.

Name the primary nerve supply for the Masseter muscle.

Deep temporal nerves, branches of the third division of the trigeminal nerve.