Neolithic Revolution, Early River Civilizations, Classical Civilizations, Byzantine Empire, Middle Ages, West/East Africa, Religions, Chinese Dynasties

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Flashcards on Neolithic Revolution, Early River Civilizations, Classical Civilizations, Byzantine Empire, Middle Ages, West/East Africa, Religions, Chinese Dynasties

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94 Terms

1
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What did man transition from during the Neolithic Revolution?

Hunting and Gathering (nomadic) to settling along rivers and practicing agriculture

2
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What rivers defined Mesopotamia?

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

3
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What rivers defined the Indus Valley Civilization?

Indus and Ganges

4
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What river defined Egypt?

Nile River

5
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What river defined early China?

Yellow River

6
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What skills did man learn during the Neolithic Revolution?

Farming and domesticating animals

7
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How did population change after the Neolithic Revolution?

Small to large, patriarchal social hierarchy

8
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What are the factors that lead to the beginning of civilization?

Food surplus, specialized labor, complex institutions

9
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What was the political structure of Mesopotamia?

City states

10
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Name three Mesopotamian city states.

Summer, Ur, Babylon

11
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What was the Code of Hammurabi based on?

Punishments based on social class and gender

12
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What was the Indus Valley Civilization the first to practice?

Urban planning

13
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Name two achievements of the Indus Valley civilization.

Indoor plumbing, grid cities

14
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What items were used to label products in the Indus Valley?

Harrapan seals (labels)

15
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What type of government was in place in Ancient Egypt?

Theocracy

16
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Name four Classical Civilizations

Han China, Mauryan/Gupta, Greece, Rome

17
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What was Liu Bang’s (Han Dynasty) first goal?

Destroy his rivals' power by creating a centralized government

18
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What philosophy did the Han Dynasty support?

Confucianism

19
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What system of government did Wudi return to?

Returned to a centralized government.

20
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Who founded the Mauryan Empire?

Chandragupta Maurya

21
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What is Ashoka (Mauryan Empire) known for?

Conversion to Buddhism and efforts to spread the religion

22
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What was the purpose of the Pillars of Ashoka?

communicate his Dharma policies and spread Buddhist teachings

23
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What did the Mauryan army use to rule?

Used Military Strength to rule

24
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What type of system did the Mauryan establish for their government?

bureaucratic system for efficient governance.

25
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What type of advancements did the Mauryan period see?

Advancements in architecture, art, and literature

26
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What led to the Fall of the Gupta Empire?

Did not prioritize military expansion or strengthening their army

27
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What group's invasions damaged the Gupta military?

The Huns invasions

28
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Who established an autocratic government in Rome?

Augustus

29
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How did the Roman empire grow?

military conquest

30
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Who ruled the Roman Empire?

Emperors

31
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What was the Roman legal system known for?

codified laws

32
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What was the function of the Roman army?

Conquer and maintain control over vast territories

33
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Name three aspects of Roman culture that influenced Western civilization.

Language, architecture, and literature

34
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Name three examples of Roman engineering.

roads, aqueducts, and public baths

35
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What did Diocletian do to the Roman Empire?

Split the empire into two

36
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Who was the first Caesar to accept Christianity?

Constantine

37
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Name four factors that contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire.

political instability, economic problems, military overspending, and invasions by Germanic tribes

38
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Name three aspects of Rome's legacy

language, legal system, architecture

39
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What emerged in Athens, Greece?

democratic institutions

40
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Name two Greek tragedy playwrights.

Sophocles and Euripides

41
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What impact did cultural and intellectual achievements of Classical Greece have?

lasting impact on Western civilization

42
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What is Emperor Justinian known for?

Legal reforms, military conquests, and patronage of the arts

43
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What legal work is Justinian responsible for?

Codified Roman law into the Corpus Juris Civilis

44
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Other than codifying laws, what else was Justinian able to do to the empire?

Reclaimed lost territory

45
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What did Justinian's armies accomplish?

restore some of the territory previously held by the Western Roman Empire.

46
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What type of city was Constantinople?

strategic and prosperous city.

47
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What type of system was feudalism?

social, economic, and political organization

48
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What events mark the beginning and end of this time period?

Fall of the Western Roman Empire and transition into the Renaissance

49
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What role did the Catholic Church play in the Middle Ages?

played a central role in medieval society

50
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What was the primary cause of the Crusades?

Regain control of the Holy Land from Muslim rule

51
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Name two motivations for the Crusades

Religious zeal and the Byzantine Empire's plea for help

52
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What was one result of the Crusades?

Greater trade and cultural exchange

53
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What was the political impact of the Crusades?

Contributed to the decline of feudalism and the rise of national monarchies

54
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What pandemic significantly impacted European populations in the 14th century?

Black Death

55
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What type of society were Ghana, Mali, and Songhai originally?

Original stateless societies

56
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With the introduction of Islam, what occurred in Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?

Political rulers use religion to solidify their rule

57
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What made Mansa Musa of the Mali Empire significant?

Controlled vast gold reserves and other valuable resources

58
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What impact did Mansa Musa's pilgrimage have on the value of gold?

Caused the value of gold to plummet

59
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Mansa Musa sought to replicate what type of cultural and intellectual centers in his own empire?

Islamic

60
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Name two cities where Musa commissioned the construction of mosques and universities.

Timbuktu and Gao

61
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Who introduced Islam to the Swahili coast?

Arab traders and settlers

62
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What is the primary form of Islam practiced on the Swahili coast?

Sunni

63
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What is Syncretism?

Islam was blended with pre-existing African traditions and beliefs

64
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In Buddhism, what is complete peace and happiness known as?

Nirvana

65
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Who was the founder of Buddhism?

Buddha

66
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What is the first of the Four Noble Truths?

All life is suffering

67
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According to Buddhism, how does one eliminate suffering?

eliminate desire

68
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What is nirvana?

Union with the universe and release from the cycle of death and rebirth.

69
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According to Confucianism, what should social order be based on?

Social order, harmony, and good government should be based on strong family relationships.

70
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Who founded Confucianism?

Confucius

71
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According to Confucianism, what is important to a well-ordered society?

Filial Piety

72
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What is required to ensure social order?

Individual must find and accept his or her proper place in society

73
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According to the Torah, what covenant did God make?

God made a covenant to be the god of the Hebrews

74
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Name the main gods in Hinduism

Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva

75
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What is reincarnation?

the rebirth of the soul in a new body

76
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In Hinduism, what releases you from earthly desires?

Moksha

77
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Who was the son of God and the Messiah in Christianity?

Jesus Christ

78
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What was Jesus' mission?

Bring salvation and eternal life

79
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What is the sacred text of Christianity?

The bible

80
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Who is the God of Islam?

Allah

81
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Who founded Islam?

Muhammad

82
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What is the holy book of Islam?

The Qur’an

83
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List the Five Pillars of Islam

Faith, almsgiving, fasting , pilgrimage to Mecca, and prayer

84
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Under whose leadership was the Grand Canal in China constructed?

Emperor Yang of Sui

85
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Why was the Grand Canal constructed?

facilitate trade and transport

86
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What type of developments during Song times increased yields?

Rice cultivation

87
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Where was rice grown primarily during the Song Dynasty?

South of the Yangzi River

88
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What does rice cultivation require?

level the paddy fields, clear irrigation ditches, plant and especially transplant the seedlings

89
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Who was the only woman to rule China in her own name and was a patron of Buddhism?

Empress Wu Zetian

90
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Name two factors that contributed to Wuzong's suppression of Buddhism

Economic concerns and political control

91
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What type of printing did the Tang and Song Dynasties develop?

Woodblock printing

92
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What is the Song Dynasty credited with developing?

Gunpowder

93
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What type of money did the Song Dynasty introduce?

paper money

94
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What navigational tool was invented during the Song Dynasty?

The compass