Evolution Ch 1

Biological evolution

Biological evolution

any change in inherited traits of a population that occurs form one generation to the next

or

Genetic change in a population over time or over generations

Fossil

preserved evidence of life from a past geological age, including impressions and mineralized remains of organisms embedded in rocks

Lineage

a chain of ancestors and their descendants

Natural selection

a mechanism by which differences in phenotypes of individuals cause some of them to survive/reproduce more effectively than others and therefore outcompete them

Homology

the similarity of characteristics resulting from shared ancestry

Morphology

the form and structure of organisms

Phylogeny

a visual representation of the evolutionary history of populations, genes, or species

gene

a segment of DNA whose nucleotide sequence codes for proteins, codes for RNA, or regulates the expression of other genes

Genomics

The study of the structure and function of genomes, including mapping genes and DNA sequencing

Genus

A taxonomic group that includes species

Mutations

A change in the genetic code

SARS

stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome

CoV

stands for corona virus

Coevolution

the process by which different lineages respond to each other’s adaptations and create ecological partnerships

genetic drift

evolution arising from random changes in genetic composition of a population from one generation to the next

Phenotype

an observable, measurable characteristic of an organism

synapomorphy

a characteristic present in a common ancestor that is shared by its immediate evolutionary descendants

or

Traits that are derived form a common ancestor

Artificial selection

selection when humans are in charge

mitotic suppression

genes are turned down

promorer

something on the chromosome that turns up/down/on/off a gene

convergent evolution

Two animals/things look similar to another but they have not evolved from a common ancestor this is because they evolved/live in similar environments (ex. sharks and dolphins)

viral reassortment

occurs when two viruses infect the same host cell and their offspring are a new strand, a combination of the two original viruses

epigenetics

the environmental change that turns off and on certain genes

mutation

a change in the genetic sequence

Geological map

a map that shows where certain fossils are found because certain fossils are found in certain rocks