psych unit 4 p2

Hysteria

On the MMPI, a tendency to use symptoms to solve problems.

Hypochondriasis

On the MMPI, excessive concern with body symptoms.

Paranoia

On the MMPI, characterized by delusions and suspiciousness.

Psychasthenia

On the MMPI, associated with anxious, guilt feelings.

Schizophrenia

On the MMPI, a state characterized by being withdrawn and having bizarre thoughts.

Social Facilitation Theory

The theory that performance is improved by the presence of others when the task is easy or well-learned, but hindered when the task is difficult or not well-learned (social impairment).

Door in the face technique

A compliance technique where a larger, unreasonable request is turned down before a smaller, more reasonable request is asked.

Low ball technique

A compliance technique where compliance to a costly request is gained by first getting compliance to an attractive, less costly request and then adding to the request.

Self-serving bias

A tendency to see the cause of actions as internal when the outcomes are positive or external when the results are negative.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.

Reciprocal Liking

The tendency to like someone who likes you.

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning where an association is made between two stimuli.

Equity theory

A theory proposing that workers evaluate their efforts versus their rewards.

Human factors research

Research that deals with the interaction of person and machine.

Hawthorne Effect

The phenomenon where workers being monitored for any reason work more efficiently and productively.

James-Lange Theory

The theory of emotion that states our experience of emotion is awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

Cannon-Bard Theory

The theory of emotion that states emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger physiological responses and subjective experience of emotion.

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

The theory of emotion that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.

Autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system that controls physiological arousal.

Sympathetic division

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.

Parasympathetic division

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.

Amygdala

A neural key to fear learning.

Polygraph

A machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies by measuring several physiological responses accompanying emotion.

Control Question

In a polygraph examination, a question aimed to make anyone nervous and establish a baseline.

Relevant Question

In a polygraph examination, a question pertaining to the matter under investigation.

Facial feedback hypothesis

The idea that expressions amplify our emotions by activating muscles associated with specific states.

Behavior feedback hypothesis

The idea that if we move our body as we would when expressing some emotion, we are likely to feel that emotion to some degree.

Catharsis hypothesis

The idea that “releasing,” or venting, aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Adaptation-Level Phenomenon

The tendency to form judgments relative to a “neutral” level defined by our prior experience.

Relative Deprivation

The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.

Social-Cognitive Perspective

A perspective that views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons and their social context.

Reciprocal Determinism

The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors.

Locus of Control

The extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them.

Spotlight Effect

Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders.

Self-Serving Bias

The readiness to perceive oneself favorably.

Individualism

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Collectivism

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly.

Psychoanalytic

One of the basic perspectives covering how personality develops and is assessed, emphasizing unconscious motives and conflicts.

Preconscious

The Freudian level of awareness containing contents of the mind you are not currently aware of but that are available for easy access when needed.

Unconscious

The Freudian level of awareness containing contents kept out of conscious awareness and not accessible.

Neo-Freudians

Those people that agreed with Freud’s basic idea of psychoanalysis but disagreed with specific parts.