emt 14,15,17,18,20

Abdominal thrust maneuver

The preferred method to dislodge a severe airway obstruction in adults and children; also called the Heimlich

Polyuria

Excessive urine

Polydipsia

Excessive thrist

Polyphagia

Excessive eating

Active compression-decompression CPR

a technique that involves compressing the chest and then actively pulling it back up to its neutral position or beyond (decompression); may increase the amount of blood that is returned to the heart and, thus, the amount of blood ejected from the heart during the compression phase

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

The combination of chest compressions and rescue breathing used to establish adequate ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse.

Chest compression fraction

The total percentage of time during resuscitation attempt in which active chest compressions are being performed

Dependent lividity

Blood setting to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin; a definitive sign of death

Gastric distention

A condition in which air fills the stomach, often as result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation.

Impedance threshold device (ITD)

A valve device placed between the endotracheal tube and bag-mask-device that limits the amount of air entering the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions

Ischemia

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred.

Load distributing band (LDB)

A circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and backboard that is either electrically or pneumatically, driven to compress the heart by inward pressure on the thorax.

Mechanical piston device

A device That depresses his sternum via a compressed gas powered or electric powered plunger, mounted on a backboard.

Recovery position

A sideline position used to maintain a clear airway and unresponsive patients who anre breathing adequately and do not have suspected injuries to spine, hips or pelvis

Return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)

The return of a pulse and effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in cardiac arrest

Rigor mortis

Stiffening of body muscles, a definitive sign of death

Communicable disease

A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another

Herpes Simplex

A common virus that is asymptomatic in 80% of people carrying it but characterized by small blisters on the lips or genitals in symptomatic infections

Index of suspicion

Awareness, that unseen, life-threatening, injuries or illness, may exist

Infectious disease

A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body

Medical emergencies

Emergencies that are not caused by an outside force, illness, or conditions

Meningitis

And inflammation of the meningeal covering of the brain and spinal cord, it is usually caused by a virus or a bacterium

Meningococcal meningitis

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord can be highly contagious

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A bacterium that can cause infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics it is transmitted by different routes, including the respiratory route and can be found on the skin and surgical wounds in the bloodstream, lungs, and your urinary.

Trauma emergencies

Emergencies that are, the result of physical forces applied to their body injuries

Virulence

The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A group of symptoms caused by myocardial Ischemia includes angina and myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)

A heart attack; death of heart muscle falling obstruction of blood flow to it. “Acute” in this context means “new” or “happening right now”

Angina pectoris

Transient (Short-lived) Chest discomfort caused by partial or temporal blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle; Also called Angina.

anterior

The front surface of the body; The side facing you in the standard and atomic position.

Aorta

The main artery, Which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissue of the body

Aortic aneurysm

A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture

Aortic valve

The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle eject its blood into the aorta; one of the four heart valves.

Artifact

A tracing on an ECG that is the result of interference, such as patient movement, rather than the heart’s electrical activity

Asystole

The complete absence of all heart electrical activity.

Atherosclerosis

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium buildup inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete block blood

Atrium

One of the two upper chambers of the heart.

Automaticity

Ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system.

Autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

Bradycardia

A slow heart rate, Less than 60 bpm

Cardiac arrest

When the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscle and electrical activity continue continues in the heart.

Cardiac output

The measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, Calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by heart rate.

Cardiogenic shock

State in which not enough oxygen is delivered to tissue of the Body, Caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large, acute myocardial infarction, As well as other condition.

Congestive heart failure(CHF)

A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually result in a backup of fluid of lungs.

Coronary arteries

The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart.

Defibrillate

To shock a fibrillation(Chaotically shaking) heart with specialized electric current in an attempt to restore a normal, rhythmic beat.

dependent edema

Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure.

Dilation

Widening of a tubular structure, such as a coronary artery.

Dissecting aneurysm

A condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, becomes separated, allow blood pressure(At high pressures) to flow between the layers.

Dysrhythmia

An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm.

Hypertensive emergency

An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications, such a stroke or aneurysm.

Infarction

Death of the body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply.

Inferior

Below a body part or nearer to the feet.

Lumen

The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure.

Myocardium

The heart muscle.

Occlusion

A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel.

Aneurysm

A swelling or enlargement of a part of artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall.

Aphasia

The inability to understand and/or produce speech.

Aura

A sensation experienced before a seizure; serves as warning sign that a seizure is about to occur.

Atherosclerosis

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that’s results in the loss of brain function; also called a stroke.

Coma

A state of profound unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be roused.

Delirium

A temporary change in mental status characterized by disorganized thoughts, inattention, memory loss, disorientation, striking changes in personality and affect, hallucinations, delusions, or decreased level of consciousness.

Dysarthria

Slurred speech

Epilepsy

A disorder in which abnormal electrical discharges occur in the brain, causing seizures and possible loss of consciousness.

Febrile seizures

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers; most often seen in children.

Focal seizures

A seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain.

Generalized seizure

A seizure characterized by severe twitching of the body’s muscles that may last several minutes or more; formerly known as grand mal seizures.

Hemiparesis

Weakness on one side of the body.

Hemorrhagic stroke

A type of stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain.

Incontinence

Loss of bowel and/or bladder control; may be the result of a generalized seizure.

Ischemic stroke

A type of stroke that occurs when blood flow to a particular partial of the brain is cut off by a blockage (eg. a blood clot) inside the blood vessel.

Postictal state

The period following the seizure that lasts 5 to 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status.

Status epilepticus

A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes.

Syncope

A fainting spell of transient loss of consciousness.

Thrombosis

A blood clot either in the arterial or venous system. When the clot occurs in a cerebral artery, it may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke.

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A disorder in the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours onset.

BE-FAST

Balance, Eyes, Facial Droop, Arm Drift, Speech, Time

Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

Facial Droop, Arm Drift, Speech

3-item stroke severity scale (LAG)

Level of consciousness, Arm drift, Gaze(scale 0-2; normal, mild dysfunction, severe dysfunction) >4 stroke likely

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Eye opening (1-4), Best verbal response (1-5), Best motor response (1-6)

15 without disability

13-15 mild dysfunction

9-12 moderate dysfunction

Diabetes mellitus

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugar) is impaired, usually because lack of insulin.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.

Endocrine glands

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body.

Endocrine system

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.

Glucose

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, In conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism.

Hematology

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders.

Hemophilia

A hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the bloods normal clotting factors.

Hormones

Substances formed in specialized organs/glands and carried to another organ/group of cells in same organism; regulate body functions: metabolism, growth, body temperature.

Hyperglycemia

High blood glucose levels

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, organ damage.

Hypoglycemia

Low blood glucose levels

Insulin

A hormone produced by the islets of langerhans that enables glucose in blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus.

Sickle cell disease

A hereditary disease that’s causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped.

Symptomatic hyperglycemia

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because excess urination, and hyperglycemia.

Symptomatic hypoglycemia

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status.

Thrombophilia

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation.

Type 1 diabetes

Autoimmune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies to pancreatic beta cells, and therefore the pancreas cannot produce insulin; onset early childhood is common.

Type 2 diabetes

Condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; managed by exercise/diet and often medications.

Vasoocclusive crisis

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.