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Anatomy is the study of the __________ of organisms and the relation of their parts.

structure

Earlier, study of anatomy was largely by dissection of human __________.

cadavers

Modern neuro diagnostic techniques used to supplement traditional anatomical studies include __________.

CT scans, PET scans, SPECT scans, MRI

Descriptive or systemic anatomy considers the body composed of a number of __________.

systems

Regional or topographical anatomy focuses on the __________ relationships of various parts of the body.

structural

Applied or practical anatomy is the application of anatomy to a specialized field, such as __________.

surgery

Microscopic anatomy includes the study of __________ and histology.

cytology

Developmental anatomy refers to the growth of an organism from a single cell to __________.

birth

Geriatric anatomy studies the morpho physiology of the __________ individual.

aged (long-lived)

Anthropological anatomy deals with the anatomic features of people of various __________ and ethnic groups.

races

Artistic anatomy involves the study of external __________ of the living body for artistic representation.

morphology

Comparative anatomy examines the structures and the comparative structures of all __________ organisms.

living

Physiology is the science that deals with the functions of living organisms and their __________.

parts

Animal physiology focuses on the functions of living __________ as a whole.

animals

Applied physiology applies physiological knowledge to problems in medicine and __________.

industry

Cellular physiology studies the physiology of life processes of individual cells or __________ groups of cells.

small

Experimental physiology involves experiments carried out in a laboratory environment with __________ or human subjects.

animals

Pathologic physiology studies functions that have been modified by __________ processes.

disease

General physiology is the science of general laws of __________ and functional activity.

life

Special physiology deals with physiology of particular __________ such as cardiology.

organs

Vegetable physiology studies the physiology of __________.

plants

The anatomical position is used as a __________ for descriptive purposes.

reference

In the anatomical position, the body is __________, facing the observer, with arms at the sides.

standing erect

Anterior refers to the __________ of the body.

front

Posterior refers to the __________ of the body.

back

Ventral means away from the backbone and toward the __________ of the body.

front

A term used for direction that indicates toward the head is __________.

cranial

The term __________ means toward the tail, away from the head.

caudal

The __________ plane divides the body into right and left halves.

sagittal

Frontal or coronal plane divides the body into __________ parts.

front and back

The transverse plane divides the body into __________ parts.

upper and lower

Respiration is defined as the __________ of gas between an organism and its environment.

exchange

Inhalation is the process of bringing __________ into the lungs.

air

__________ pressure is the force exerted on the walls of the chamber by molecules of air.

Air

Boyle's law states that if you increase the volume of a gas chamber, its pressure will __________.

decrease

External respiration is the gas exchange between the __________ and blood.

lungs

Internal respiration is the gas exchange between blood and the __________ of the body.

cells

The respiratory passage includes the nasal and oral cavities, the __________, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

pharynx

The __________ is the prominent midline structure located on the anterior, superior thoracic wall.

sternum

The ribs articulate with the vertebral column via __________ joints.

gliding (arthrodial)

True ribs join directly with the __________.

sternum

The last two pairs of ribs are known as __________ ribs because their anterior extremities are free.

floating

During inhalation, the dimensions of the thoracic cavity increase in three __________.

planes

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped structure crucial for __________.

breathing

The pleurae cover the lungs and the inner thoracic wall, providing __________ surfaces.

friction-free