GENCHEM2 (Chapter 13)

Chapter 13

Henry’s Law

S=KP

S₁/P₁=S₂/P₂

Vapor Pressure

P=XP_o

molality(m)

moles of solute

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kg of solvent

Solubility

Maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at equilibrium at a given temperature

Saturated Solution

• all the solute that can dissolve has dissolved

• dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with undissolved solute

Unsaturated Solution

• Contains less than maximum amount of dissolved solute

• has capacity to dissolve more solute

Supersaturated Solution

• Contains more solute than dissolved in saturated solution

• not in equilibrium

Polar Substances

• dissolve in polar solvent

• do not dissolve in solvent

Nonpolar Substance

• dissolve in nonpolar solvent

• do not dissolve in polar solvent

Ionic Substance

• Do not dissolve in nonpolar solvents

• Some dissolve in water

• Some do not even dissolve in water

Miscible Liquids

• mix with and dissolve in each other in any proportion water and ethanol

Immiscible Liquids

• do not mix significantly, for layers water and gasoline, oil

Boiling Point Elevation or Freezing Point Depression

T=kim

i=1 molecular

i>1 ionic