LANDFORMS AND LANDSCAPES TEST

Swash

The forward movement of water up the beach after a wave breaks, carrying sand and sediments onto the shore.

Backwash

The water flowing back to the sea after a wave retreats, which can pull sand and sediments away from the beach.

Erosion

The process by which rocks and soil are worn away by natural forces such as wind and water.

Deposition

The process by which sediments, soil, and rocks are added to a landform or landmass.

Longshore drift

The process by which sand and other sediments move along a coastline due to waves hitting the shore at an angle.

Destructive waves

High-energy waves with a strong backwash that erode the coastline and remove beach material.

Constructive waves

Waves that build up beaches by depositing sand and sediment, characterized by strong swash and weak backwash.

Tombolos

Natural bridges formed by sediment connecting an island to the mainland.

Sea stack

A column of rock left standing after a sea arch erodes and collapses.

Hydraulic action

A method of coastal erosion where waves compress air in cracks of rocks, causing them to break apart.

Abrasion

A form of coastal erosion where particles carried by waves scrape against rock surfaces.

Attrition

The process by which rocks and pebbles collide with each other, causing them to become smaller and rounder.

Solution

A method of coastal erosion where minerals in rocks dissolve in water.

Coastal erosion

The process where coastlines are worn away by wave action, currents, and tidal forces.

Sediment transport

The movement of sand, silt, and other materials along the coastline due to wave action.