forensics dna evidence

No two people have the exact same DNA

recent studies suggest that identical twins differ by about 5.2 mutations in their DNA

What type of evidence is DNA

Individual (it can be linked to a specific person)

Name 3 of the 6 locations DNA can be collected from

Skin, blood, urine, semen, hair with the follicle, saliva (any 3 of these)

Besides identity, what can DNA profiling be used for

Parentage / paternity testing

What does DNA stand for

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What information does DNA carry

Genetic information / instructions for building and operating living organisms

Besides in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of plants, where is DNA found

Nucleus of the cell

What is the monomer or building block of the polymer DNA

Nucleotides

What are the 3 parts to a nucleotide

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen-containing base

The amount of DNA needed for profiling that equals 1 billionth of a gram is called

nanogram

One molecule of human DNA contains how many nucleotides

Billions (not millions)

Which nitrogenous base is missing from this list: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and blank

Thymine

What base pairs with Thymine

Adenine (apples in a tree, cars in a garage)

DNA Profiling is considered the most important discovery in Forensics to date

Yes / widely regarded as such

What is the national DNA database called

CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)

What is the lab procedure used to identify and separate DNA fragments

Gel electrophoresis

Oxi-cleaners have been shown to destroy blood DNA

Yes / they can degrade or destroy it

What must be identified between 2 DNA samples for them to be considered a match

Common alleles (they encode instructions for cell operations)

What is used to push the DNA through the gel in gel electrophoresis

Electrical current

In gel electrophoresis, do shorter DNA fragments move slower or faster than longer ones

Faster (shorter fragments move quickly; longer ones move slower)

In DNA fingerprinting, what do restriction enzymes do

They cut the DNA into readable pieces / fragments at specific sites

Who was the scientist responsible for creating DNA profiling as a means of identification in criminal cases

Alec Jeffreys