Apush unit 3 vocab/terms

Apush vocab and events!

Natural Rights

Rights that cannot be taken away

Fundamental law

Bills of Rights to protect liberties against future gov. changes.

British Navigation Laws

Only Britain could import and export w/ New England colonies

Articles of Confederation

1st constitution. Established a loose constitution.

Land Ordinance 1785

Way to split and survey the Old Northwest (some reserved for public schools)

Northwest Ordinance 1787

Divided the territory, made laws to become a state.

Dey of Algiers

Pirates. Ottoman empire. Attacked ships unless you paid them not to.

Shay’s Rebellion

People in poverty led by Daniel uprose due to high tazes and property takeovers. First form of a mobocracy, led to debtor relief laws.

George Washington

• Virginian

• commander in the revolutionary war

• President of the constitutional convention

• 1st pres.

Benjamin Franklin

• Wrote poor Richard’s almanac

• Negotiated for French support in revolution

• Signed the treaty of Paris 1783

• Helped draft the constitution

James Madison

• author of the constitution and the bill of rights

• father of the federalist party

• pres during war of 1812

• vice president to jefferson

• Co-authored the federalist papers

Alexander Hamilton

• father of national debt

• military general

• co-authored the federalist papers

• secretary of treasury under Washington

• Created a plan that included

  • tariff to support industry

  • federal assumption of state debts

  • creation of a national bank

Patrick Henry

• antifederalist leader.

• believed the constitution gave the federal government too much power.

Virginia Plan

• more power/influence based on population size.

• bicameral congress

New Jersey Plan

• equal representation, 2 senates each

• unicameral congress

the Great Compromise

• mix of NY and Virginia plans

• Bicameral congress

• Representation based on population and each state had 2 senators.

Common law

One court ruling decides future rulings too.

Electoral college

• people vote % → state vote color/side

• State vote color/side → house election

3/5ths compromise

Slave counted as 3/5 a person for tax and voting influence reasons. Favored/made more equal as south population had lots of slaves.

the Federalist Papers

• written by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay

• To convince NY to be federalist and ratify the constitution.

Society of the Cincinnati

exclusive officers in continental army and French aid based on heredity.

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Document for separation of church and state. Jefferson in 1786 guaranteed freedom of religion.

Henry Knox

Chief officer in continental army.

9th amendment

People are guaranteed rights that can’t be taken, even if not stated in constitution.

10th amendment

Powers not stated in constitution for the federal government go to the states and people.

Judiciary Act 1789

Organized the supreme court system/roles.

John Jay

• co-author of the federalist papers

• 1st chief justice of the U.S.

• Jay’s treaty w/ Britain

Funding at Par

Paying off debts, not waiting, to show financial responsibility.

Revenue Tariffs

to generate income for the gov.

Protective tarrifs

to protect commerce from foreign trade/production. Made foreign goods more expensive.

Excise tax

• WHISKEY

• tax on goods produced internally

  • added by hamilton.

elastic clause

congress could pass any laws needed to continue ideas stated in the constitution. ex: Bank to support taxing.

Battle of Wabash 1791

Washington sent armies after the Indians settling west of the Appalachians TWICE. showed native strength.

Whiskey Rebellion

uprise of whiskey distillers due to hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey. Stopped with a MILITIA from washington.

French Revolution

Uprising against King Louis XVI, inspired by the American Revolution.

Reign of Terror: beheading people and attacking churches.

Haitian Revolution

Only successful slave revolt. Led by Toussaint Louverture

Franco-American Alliance

Bound the US to help the French defend against Britain. However the US didn’t → Neutrality

Neutrality Proclamation 1793

Washington declared the US would remain neutral.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

US vs Tecumseh (and british allies). The Indians lost and had to sign the Treaty of Greenville.

Jay’s treaty

British promised John Jay that they would remove outposts on US soil and pay for damages. In exchange, the US would pay off war debts and follow Britain’s trade policies.

Pinckney’s treaty

Fearing an Anglo-american alliance, Spain gave the US free navigation of the mississippi river and Florida.

Farewell Address

Washington warned against permanent alliances and political factions.

John Adams

• passed the Alien and Sedition acts

• At the XYZ affair

• Federalists

• 2nd President

Thomas Jefferson

• 3rd US president

• favored limited central gov

• drafted the declaration of independence

• Louisiana purchase

• Republicanism

• Sent out Lewis and Clark

James Monroe

• 5th US pres.

• author of the Monroe doctrine

  • stay away from getting colonized by European colonization and interference.

John Marshall

• Chief Justice of the US supreme court

• Marbury v Madison → Judicial review

• advocated for constitutional rights

  • prevented states from trying to take too much power

Edmond Genet

• French ambassador to US in French rev.

• placed in America to convince them to help the French in the French war with Spain + Britain.

Quasi-War with France

mutual attacks on shipping. Ended at the convention of 1800.

Alien Laws

• passed by a federalist congress.

• raised #of years for immigrants to become citizens.

  • Gave prez power to deport citizens.

Sedition Act

• took away freedom of speech + press

  • interference w/ gov = massive fine/prison

Compact theory

States created the federal gov through the US + its constitution, and therefore should be able to judge its constitutionality.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Jefferson + Madison. Goal to argue that the states were the final judges on constitutionality. Only passed in 2 states.

Judiciary act of 1801

appointed Midnight judges by Adams. Ensured a federalist judiciary.

Barbary states

Pirates, demanded tribute to prevent attacks

Tripolitan War

Jefferson didn’t pay the pirates. War for 4 years. ended with a treaty and bought back captured americans.

Deposit privileges

established in pinckney’s treaty. Allowed american farmers to story goods in New Orleans.

Louisiana Purchase

Bought from France. Doubled US territory.

Orders in Council

British Crown. Closed all ports. Led to fighting b/t french and british. Led to the US embargo act

Embargo Act

• response to British and French mistreating of vessels. Banned export of US goods, but only hurt the US :(

Non-Intercouse Act

Reopened trade, but not w/ France and Britian. Led to Macon’s Bill no 2.

Macon’s Bill no 2

Sneaky. Allowed trade with only Britain or France.

France accepted, US added an embargo with Britain. Led to the war of 1812 w/ Britain.

Battle of New Orleans

Final battle or war of 1812. Led by Andrew Jackson, protecting New Orleans from british invaders. This could have given britain access to the mississippi river (major trade route).

ENDED w/ the Treaty of Ghent

Hartford Convention Center

A bunch of federalists got together and complained about the war of 1812.

Rush Bagot Agreement

Britain and US gave strict limits on naval in the great lakes, peaceful border.

American System

By henry Clay

• Banking system → credit

• Protective tariff

• Transportation! (only one not achieved)

Anglo-American Convention / Treaty of 1818

Britain and US.

Fishing + joint occupation of oregon county for 10 yrs.

Improved relations.

Adams-Onis treaty

Spain gave US Florida!

Monroe Doctrine

James Monroe + John quincy adams warned Europeans not to try and steal their land by colonizing.