U.S History Final Sem 2

_______ was a famous Chicago gangster & symbol of the rise of organized crime. He ultimately went to prison for income tax evasion and served his sentence in Alcatraz. His nickname was scarface

Al Capone

The United States, Great Britain, France, Canada, and many others composed the ________ during World War II

Allied Powers

________ was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She was from Atchison, Kansas

Amelia Earhart

The extreme hatred of Jewish people is known as _______

Anti-Semitism

The granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep peace is known as

Appeasement

Hitler believed that the ______ were the superior race

Aryans

The goal of the top secret Manhattan Project was to develop an ___________for possible use to bring about an end to World War II. The Manhattan Project was successful and developed a uranium and a plutonium version.

Atomic Bomb

The ________ was a declaration of principles that spelled out the causes for which World War II was fought. It was signed by FDR & Winston Churchill

Atlantic Charter

________________ is the former Nazi German death camp in occupied Poland. Approximately 1.1 million people were killed here. It was the largest of the six death camps. Due to the selection process upon arrival, some were spared initially and used as labor.

Auschuwitz Birkenau

Japan, Germany, and Italy composed the ________ during World War II

Axis Powers

\
The unprecedented population explosion in the United States after World War II (1946-1964) was called the _______. These people compose the largest generation in our nation’s history

Baby Boom

The ________ was the planned invasion of Cuba. The CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba in the hopes it would create a massive uprising & would overthrow Fidel Castro

Bay of Pigs

_______ was a famous baseball player from the 1930's. He played for the Boston Red Sox but was traded to the New York Yankees starting the "Curse of the Bambino"

Babe Ruth

Lightning war is known as . It was the military tactic that Hitler used to invade Poland

Blitzkrieg

_______ was the Italian dictator during most of World War II. He joined forces with Hitler during the war

Benito Mussolini

After World War II, Berlin was divided into four parts. The Soviets decided to cut off West Berlin hoping this will force the Western nations to give up the idea of a unified Germany or surrender control of Germany. The response by the United States and Great Britain was called the _______

Berlin Airlift

The _______ was a structure built during the Cold War to separate East Berlin (communist) from West Berlin (non-communist)

Berlin Wall

Followers of the 1950's nonconformist movement who cared little for material goods were called _______

Beatniks

The new U.S. policy under Eisenhower that said we will go the edge, or brink of war was called ________. It said we will keep peace by promising to use all of our force, including nuclear weapons, against any aggressor

Brinkmanship

________ were people who smuggled liquor into the country and sold it illegally during Prohibition

Bootleggers

October 29, 1929 is better known as ________

Black Tuesday

The______ was a list of people who were accused of having a communist background. Approximately people 500 made the list. Their careers were ruined & they could no longer work in Hollywood

Blacklist

This 1954 Supreme Court case declared separate was not equal. It overturned the 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson decision. It required public schools to be integrated with "all deliberate speech

Brown v. Board of Education

A ________ is a period of rising stock prices

Bull Market

The __________policy during World War II allowed the United States to sell materials for the war effort to Allied nations at war with Germany. The countries would have to pay cash for the war materials and assume the risk of transporting the war materials back to Europe on their own ships.

Cash and Carry

A major corporation that includes a number of smaller companies in unrelated industries is called a _______

Conglomerate

_______ was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. He did this in 1927

Charles Lindbergh

The ______ was a New Deal program that hired young men to plant trees, build trails through national parks, etc

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)

\
This agency, the _______, used spies to gather information abroad. They also tried to carry out secret missions to weaken &/or overthrow governments we didn’t like. This agency was created in the height of the Cold War

CIA

The state of hostility between superpowers that is just short of direct military confrontation is known as the _______. It lasted from 1945-1991

Cold War

Buying material goods in mass quantities during the 1950's was known as _______

Consumerism

The U.S. policy of _______ was an attempt to block the Soviet spread of communism and their influence by creating alliances & supporting weaker countries

Containment

The __________ took place in October of 1962. It was when the Soviet Union sent nuclear missiles & other weapons to Cuba and aimed the weapons at the U.S

Cuban Missile Crisis

___________ was the name given to the June 6, 1944 amphibious invasion of the beaches at Normandy in German-occupied France by troops from the United States, Canada, the Great Britain.

D-Day 

The demilitarized zone between North Korea and South Korea is commonly called the _______

DMZ

_________ opened in July of 1955 in Anaheim, California. In the first year alone, it attracted 3 million visitors!

Disneyland

\
________ were Southern democrats who opposed civil rights & sought to protect “the Southern way of life” from the federal government They did not like Truman because he was in favor of civil rights

Dixiecrats

_______ commanded the Allied forces during the Normandy invasion. He went on to win the presidential elections of 1952 & 1956

Dwight D. Eisenhower

_______ was a famous jazz musician of the 1920's. He led the band at the Cotton Club in Harlem

Duke Ellington

The Battle of ________, although a humiliating experience for Allied troops, was considered a success because the Allied troops acted quickly and rescued their soldiers by sending over boats and ships to the Belgian port city

Dunkirk

The "king" of rock and roll is _______

Elvis Presley

This plane, the _______, dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan

Enola Gay

The ____________were Nazi mobile killing units that murdered Jews and others as Germany advanced east towards Russia. 1.5 million people of the 11 million who died in the Holocaust died this way.

Einsatzgruppen 

This plan/policy was an extension of FDR’s New Deal. It included proposals for nationwide healthcare and was created by Harry S. Truman. It was called the ________

Fair Deal

Benito Mussolini established a totalitarian, _______ regime in Italy which featured a strong, centralized government headed by a powerful dictator

Fascist

A company that offers similar products or services in many locations or sells the right to an individual to do business using the parent company name is called a _______

Franchise

________ were women of the 1920's who dressed in short skirts, smoked and drank in public, cut their hair short, and danced the Charleston

Flappers

\
_________ was a new policy under JFK that would build our nation’s non nuclear forces (the military) so that we would have more options in an international crises

Flexible Response

This New Deal program, the ______, guarantees the money you put in the bank. This helped to restore faith in the banking system. It still exists today

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

______ won the election of 1932 and went on to be elected to an unprecedented four terms as president. He convinced people in the 1932 election that he could help bring the country out of the Great Depression. He advocated for the government to take a leading role in stimulating the economy.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

FDR used his ________ as a way to communicate about issues of public concern with the American people

Fireside Chats

The deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular racial, national, or religious group is known as _______

Genocide

Ghettos

A ________________was a place used by the Nazis to forcibly segregate the Jewish population from others. It was a temporary solution until the death camps were operational.

The _______ was passed by Congress in 1944. It paid part of the tuition

GI Bill

The period of literary and artistic creativity celebrating African-American culture in a specific part of New York City

Harlem Renaissance

_______ became president upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was from Independence, Missouri

Harry S. Truman

The _______ was 67 times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. We tested one in the South Pacific on November 1, 1952

H-Bomb

_______ was president from 1928-1932 and was blamed for the Great Depression. He believed the government should not interfere with the economy and kept waiting for it to correct itself

Herbert Hoover

The first atomic bomb was dropped on _______, Japan on August 6, 1945

Hiroshima

The ________ was an attempt for racial purity that called for the systematic murder of 11 million people, more than half of whom were Jews

Holocaust

The ________ was a congressional committee created to investigate communism in the U.S. They investigated Hollywood & the film industry

HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee)

Eisenhower authorized the building of a nationwide highway network in 1956. The legislation was called the _______

Interstate Highway Act

________ was a policy of the United States after World War I in which we pulled away from involvement in world affairs

Isolationism

This Tennessee teacher, _______, was accused of teaching the theory of evolution to students in his high school science class

John Scope

________ created a vaccine for polio

Jonas Salk

_______ was known as "Dr. Death". He conducted cruel medical experiments to prisoners at concentration camps

Josef Mengele

________ was a Senator from Wisconsin who claimed that communists were taking over our government. He helped to create the Red Scare of the 1950's

Joseph McCarthy

________ was the leader of the Soviet Union during World War II. He killed 8-15 million Soviets who he saw as "enemies" of the state

Joseph Stalin

The deliberate crashing of a bomb-filled airplane into a military target is known as _________

Kamikaze

The _______ gained enormous popularity, especially in the South during the 1920's & 1930's. The purpose of this group was to purify and glorify the white Anglo-Saxon, Protestant race by criticizing and terrorizing Jews, blacks, and others

KKK

\n ________ translates to "crystal night", or night of the broken glass. It was November 9, 1938. Nazi storm troopers attacked & destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, & synagogues across Germany

Kristallnacht

The term ____________is German for "living room/living space" and was one of the primary goals of the Nazi Party...to have more living room/living space for the Aryan people.

Lebensraum

\n Under the _______, the United States would loan or finance arms and other supplies to "any country whose defense was vital to the United States"

Lend-Lease Plan

\n ________ was the name of the first of the communities/towns built using assembly line methods and techniques in the home building process. It was in Long Island, NY

Levittown

The German air force was called the _______

Luftwaffe

The code name for the secret development of the atomic bomb was the _______

Manhattan Project

After World War II, China was having a civil war. The Communists (in the north) were led by _______

Mao Zedong

In In 1947-1948, the U.S. gave away $12.5 billion to European countries in need. If we helped them recover from the war, they would like us more & communism would be less appealing. This strategy was known as the ______ and it was considered a success

Marshall Plan

In his book, _______, Hitler divides humans into two categories; the master races and the inferior race

Mein Kampf

The purpose of this Cold War organization, ________ , is to create a defensive military alliance. All countries promised that an attack on one would be regarded as an attack on all. Members of this organization were not communist

NATO

A political philosophy put into place by Adolf Hitler in Germany was known as _______

Nazism

The second atomic bomb was dropped on ______, Japan on August 9, 1945.

Nagasaki

The many programs of the ____________aimed to provide relief, reform, and recovery to the United States during the Great Depression.

New Deal

The ________ were aimed at keeping the United States out of World War II

Neutrality Acts

The _______, a New Deal program, was aimed at helping young people. The program allowed students the opportunity to work part-time in positions at their schools

NYA (National Youth Administration)

Poor Midwesterners who fled the Dust Bowl and traveled west to California were known as _______

Okies

U.S. troops faced major German resistance during the D-day invasion at _______

Omaha Beach

_______ was the code name for the planned invasion of Europe by the Allies, organized by Dwight D. Eisenhower. Eisenhower chose Normandy as the invasion sight, rather than Calais, France

Operation Overload

_______ was the code name for the planned invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa led by Dwight D. Eisenhower

Operation Torch

________ took place on December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor

A strategy of companies to purposely make items that would need to be replaced quickly so that people would go out & buy more things. Items would wear out or be outdated quickly & people would want the newer, better model. This strategy was called _______

Planned Obsolescence

Germany used the blitzkrieg strategy to invade the country of ________

Poland

\
The 1896 Supreme Court case, ________, declared “separate but equal”

Plessy v. Ferguson

_____________ is information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. The Nazi Party, specifically Joseph Goebbels, were masters of spinning this and using it to influence the people of Germany.

Propaganda

A restriction of people's rights to buy an unlimited amount of food or other goods is known as _______

Rationing

The _______, a New Deal program, brought electricity to rural areas that did not have electricity and were isolated

REA (Rural Electrification Act)

The ______________was widespread fear of a potential rise of communism, anarchism or other leftist ideologies. The term is most often used to refer to two periods in the history of the United States, the first in the 1920s and the next in the 1950s.

Red Scare

The term/name, ________, referenced women working in factories on the home front during World War II

Rosie the Riveter

________ refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama to a white man. This act started the boycott of Montgomery, Alabama buses and sparked the civil rights movement in the United States

\
Rosa Parks

The _______ were an Americans couple who were accused of giving secret information about the atomic bomb to the Soviets. They were found guilty & sentenced to death leaving behind two sons

Rosenbergs