EXEMPLAR-HIP FRACTURES PPTX slide

Vocabulary flashcards covering key hip fracture concepts, terms, devices, imaging, surgical approaches, and perioperative care from the Exemplar notes.

Arthroplasty

Surgical replacement of a joint; in the hip, commonly a total hip replacement.

Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)

Death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply.

Intracapsular hip fracture

Fracture of the femoral head or neck occurring within the hip joint capsule; may disrupt blood flow to the femoral head.

Extracapsular hip fracture

Fracture outside the joint capsule, in the trochanteric region; associated with bleeding from cancellous bone.

Hemiarthroplasty

Replacement of the femoral head (ball) with a prosthesis.

Revision surgery

Replacement or upgrade of an artificial joint after wear, loosening, or failure.

Osteoporosis

A condition of reduced bone mass that increases fracture risk, especially in postmenopausal women.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, a risk after hip fracture and surgery.

Pressure ulcer

Injury to skin and underlying tissue due to prolonged pressure, common in immobile patients.

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Infection of the urinary tract; a common postoperative complication.

Pneumonia

Lung infection; risk increases with immobility and age after fracture/surgery.

Nonunion

Failure of a fracture to heal within the expected time frame.

Malunion

Healing of a fracture in an improper or malaligned position.

Intertrochanteric fracture

Fracture between the femoral neck and the greater/lesser trochanters.

Subtrochanteric fracture

Fracture located just below the lesser trochanter.

Subcapital neck fracture

Fracture at the subcapital region of the femoral neck.

Transcervical neck fracture

Fracture across the femoral neck (neck fracture).

Greater trochanter fracture

Fracture of the greater trochanter of the femur.

Lesser trochanter fracture

Fracture of the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) / Sliding Hip Screw

Fixation system with a lag screw and side plate to compress and stabilize extracapsular hip fractures.

Lag screw

A screw that provides interfragmentary compression across a fracture.

Compression screw

A screw used to compress fracture fragments, often part of DHS/SHS constructs.

Side plate with barrel

Plate component used with screws in DHS constructs to anchor hardware to bone.

Total hip replacement

Replacement of both the femoral head and the acetabular socket.

Partial hip replacement (hip hemiarthroplasty)

Replacement of the femoral head only; the acetabulum is preserved.

Radiographs (X-rays)

Plain imaging used to diagnose hip fractures; high sensitivity for fracture detection.

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging; highly sensitive/specific for hip fractures when radiographs are inconclusive.

Frog-leg view

Radiographic view avoided when a hip fracture is suspected because it can worsen displacement and cause pain.

Approaches to the hip

Surgical paths to access the hip: medial, anterior, anterolateral, direct lateral, and posterior.

Thromboprophylaxis

Preventive measures (e.g., heparin) to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis after hip fracture surgery.

Cefazolin (prophylactic antibiotic)

Antibiotic given before incision to reduce infection risk; alternatives include vancomycin in certain cases.

Delirium

Acute confusional state; common in hip fracture patients and affects recovery.