AP Human Geo Unit 6 Test

A good example of a centripetal force in political geography is

a. the existence of different language regions

b. rugged topography

c. religious diversity and conflict

d. a primate city

e. a poorly developed road network

d. a primate city

A primate city such as Mexico City is

a. always located in the center of its country for maximum accessibility

b. more than twice the size of any other city in its country and dominant economically and culturally

c. most likely to share its rank size with at least one other city in the country

d. always a national capital serving as the seat of government and industrial center of the country

e. much larger than the cities in any neighboring country and serves as the region's financial capital

b. more than twice the size of any other city in its country and dominant economically and culturally

According to central place theory, the threshold is defined as the

a. economic base of a central place

b. distance away from a central place

c. gross value of the product minus the costs of production

d. minimum number of people needed to support a service

e. point at which consumer movement is at a minimum

d. minimum number of people needed to support a service

According to Christaller's central place model, which of the following would most likely have the smallest range?

a. A university

b. An international airport

c. A grocery store

d. A professional football stadium

e. A symphony orchestra hall

c. A grocery store

According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a region has a population size of 900,000, then the third largest city will have a population of

a. 3,000

b. 9,000

c. 45,000

d. 300,000

e. 900,000

d. 300,000

According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population of

a. 9 million

b. 8 million

c. 7.5 million

d. 5 million

e. 3.5 million

d. 5 million

According to the rank-size rule, which of the following is true about the second-largest city in a country?

a. It is almost equal in population to the largest city.

b. It has a population that is twice the size of the third-largest city

c. It has half the number of functions as those in the largest city.

d. It has half the population size of the largest city.

e. It is located half as far from the largest city as is the third-largest city.

d. It has half the population size of the largest city.

According to the sector model of North American city structure, members of low-income groups tend to live in which of the following places?

a. The inner city only

b. Peripheral temporary settlements

c. Linear residential areas radiating from the center city outward

d. Evenly dispersed throughout the urban area

e. The suburbs and rural areas only

c. Linear residential areas radiating from the center city outward

All of the following are reasons for the rise of suburban development in the 1950s EXCEPT

a. the building of interstate highways

b. the G.I. Bill of Rights

c. better public transportation

d. the desire for more space

e. prefab construction methods

c. better public transportation

All of the following have helped create ghettos in North American cities EXCEPT

a. blockbusting and racial steering

b. redlining by financial institutions

c. concentration of public housing and social services

d. fixed school district boundaries

e. Economic Enterprise Zones

e. Economic Enterprise Zones

All of the following were crucial to the emergence of the first cities EXCEPT

a. an agricultural surplus

b. a stratified social system

c. labor specialization

d. a system for food storage and distribution

e. separation of the ruling system and the religious system

e. separation of the ruling system and the religious system

An example of an important physical site characteristic is a

a. major airport

b. grid street pattern

c. major central park

d. natural harbor

e. public sports facility

d. natural harbor

An urban center that is disproportionately larger than the second largest city in a country and that dominates the country's social, political, and economic activities can be best classified as

a. a megalopolis

b. a conurbation

c. a primate city

d. an edge city

e. an imperial city

c. a primate city

Based on a comparison of the zones in the model shown, which of the following best explains how the model is limited in its representation of present-day urban land-use patterns?

a. The model does not account for the prices of agricultural land on the urban periphery, where land prices continue to decline.

b. The model does not show that taller buildings constructed in the central business district are a result of increased land costs.

c. The model does not indicate that land for apartment buildings is more expensive than land for single-family homes.

d. The model does not account for the existence of suburbs composed of single-family homes where the housing structure is more expensive than the land it is built on.

e. The model does not show the cost-to-distance effects of multiple suburban central business districts and the pattern of residential areas that surround them.

e. The model does not show the cost-to-distance effects of multiple suburban central business districts and the pattern of residential areas that surround them.

Which of the following best explains why New York City has more specialized stores than do smaller urban places in the United States?

a. Its status as a primate city

b. The rank-size rule

c. The gravity model

d. Central place theory

e. The Burgess concentric zone model

d. Central place theory

Central place theory describes the

a. spatial patterns of urban and outlying areas based on the flow of goods and services

b. tendency of different ethnic groups to congregate in a single location

c. tendency of civilizations to form around certain natural features

d. outward radiation of cultural patterns from a central place

e. tendency of wealth to concentrate in urban core areas

a. spatial patterns of urban and outlying areas based on the flow of goods and services

As old central business districts and industrial zones in more developed countries lost businesses and employment in the mid- to late twentieth century, suburban development expanded. Which of the following types of cities resulted from rapid suburban growth and the expansion of retail areas, office developments, business centers, and corporate headquarters to provide jobs and services in suburban areas?

a. Megalopolises

b. Financial districts

c. State capitals

d. Edge cities

e. Manufacturing zones

d. Edge cities

La Défense is an edge city constructed in the late twentieth century and characterized by high-rise office buildings. Which of the following best explains why La Défense is located on the outskirts of Paris?

a. The land at the center of Paris is filled with numerous historic buildings that residents do not want torn down.

b. Land in the city center is not as valuable as land on the edge of the city.

c. The center of Paris is not well-served by public transportation.

d. La Défense needs access to the river in order to export manufactured goods to other countries in Europe.

e. The center of Paris is inhabited by low-income residents, and wealthy residents prefer to live in the suburbs.

a. The land at the center of Paris is filled with numerous historic buildings that residents do not want torn down.

Although gentrification can revitalize cities by rehabilitating residential areas, which of the following problems can be explained by the type of building renovations shown in the before and after images?

a. More parking leading to decreased public transportation use

b. Higher rents causing displacement of existing residents

c. New buildings causing environmental sustainability issues

d. Disuse changing areas into zones of abandonment

e. Unfair real estate practices resulting in housing and insurance discrimination cases

b. Higher rents causing displacement of existing residents

The presence of media hubs, coalitions focusing on specific environmental challenges, and headquarters for multinational corporations in major cities help explain how such cities

a. avoid participation in global processes and decision making

b. are linked globally in ways that transcend national political boundaries

c. are isolated and dependent on national political boundaries for security

d. preserve cultural heritage and contribute to increasing isolation

e. generate individual wealth and drive economic development within cities boundaries

b. are linked globally in ways that transcend national political boundaries

Which of the following is a general theory in geography that can be used to quantify and predict the interaction between two cities based on population sizes, distance between the places, the number of migrants moving from one place to the other, or the flow of trade goods between the two locations?

a. Central place theory

b. World system theory

c. Concentric zone model

d. Multiple nuclei model

e. Gravity model

e. Gravity model

Historically, the growth of North American suburbs was most constrained by

a. high land values

b. zoning ordinances

c. limited transportation

d. housing shortages

e. cultural preferences

c. limited transportation

Which of the following best explains the importance of stock exchanges in the cities of Mumbai, India and Shanghai, China?

a. These cities have a large manufacturing labor force.

b. These cities function as global economic centers in the core.

c. These cities function as global economic centers in the semiperiphery.

d. These edge cities have a large number of high-technology companies.

e. These edge cities are built at the intersection of transportation routes.

c. These cities function as global economic centers in the semiperiphery.

In the development of urban land, which of the following is typically built on the most accessible sites?

a. Single-family housing

b. Farm markets

c. Retail complexes

d. Industrial parks

e. High-rise apartment buildings

c. Retail complexes

In the new global economy, an increasing proportion of influential financial decisions are being made in

a. the informal sector

b. regional centers and small towns where fax machines are used

c. the field, close to the sources of agricultural production

d. national capitals because of the increasing importance of the nation state

e. major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo

e. major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo