Protozoans

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221 Terms

1
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Entamoeba histolytica

In subphylum sarcodina parasites, all are commensal except for?

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Entamoeba gingivalis

In subphylum sarcodina parasites, all are intestinal dwellers except for?

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Entamoeba gingivalis and Dientamoeba fragilis

In subphylum sarcodina parasites, all undergo encystation except for?

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Binary fission

Amoebas multiply through?

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Loesch

E. histolytica was first described by?

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Cysts

Infective stage of E. histolytica

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Ingestion of food/water with Entamoeba histolytica cyst

Mode of transmission of E. histolytica

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Cockroach (Periplaneta americana), Flies (Musca domestica)

Phoretic vectors of E. histolytica

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Amoebiasis

What is the pathology of E. histolytica

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Metronidazole

Treatment for E. histolytica

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MOTILE

MOTILE or NON-MOTILE. Trophozoite of E. histolytica

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NON-MOTILE

MOTILE or NON-MOTILE. Cyst of E. histolytica

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Trophozoite

In what form is the feeding stage of E. histolytica

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Cyst

In what form is the non-feeding stage of E. histolytica

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Trophozoite

It is the vegetative state of E. histolytica?

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Cyst

It is the infective state of E. histolytica?

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Watery, soft, or semi-formed stool

Trophozoite of E. histolytica is found in what type of stool?

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Soft to formed stool

Cyst of E. histolytica is found in what type of stool?

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Fragile

Trophozoites of E. histolytica is _ as they are destroyed by gastric juices hence they are the non-infective stage

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Resistant to acidic pH

Cyst of E. histolytica is due to its cystic wall which contains chitin and lectins

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FALSE

TRUE or FALSE. Trophozoites of E. histolytica cannot encyst if excreted from the body as encystation only occurs in the small intestine

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Entamoeba coli

They are harmless inhabitant of the colon

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Entamoeba dispar

This parasite is morphologically similar to E. histolytica and it can only be distinguish by their DNA or rRNA

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Entamoeba harmanni

They are also similar with E. histolytica but smaller and has no RBC inclusion

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Small race

E. hartmanni asre known as the _ of E. histolytica

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Entamoeba hartmanni

The cysts of these parasites are quadrinucleated with coarse cytoplasm; their immature cyst has chromatoidal bars

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Entamoeba polecki

These are the parasite of pigs and monkeys; they rarely infect humans

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Cyst

E. polecki is distinguished from E. histolytica by?

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Uninucleated

The cysts of E. polecki are consistently?

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Entamoeba gingivalis

This can be found in the mouth (gum and teeth surface)

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Entamoeba gingivalis

Which ameoba does not have a cyst stage?

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E. histolytica, E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, E. bangladeshi

Which 4 amoebas are morphologically similar?

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0-41 degrees celsius

E. moshkovskii are able to survive at a temperature ranging from?

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Endolimax nana

It is the smallest protozoa

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Endolimax nana

Which parasite has a cyst that is quadrinucleated with eccentric karyosome?

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Sluggish and mononuclear

What characteristic does a Endolimax nana trophozoite possess?

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Iodamoeba butschlii

This parasite has an iodine cyst and has a large glycogen vacuole/body which stains deeply with iodine.

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Unidirectional, active progressive

Movement of E. histolytica trophozoite stage

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Sluggish, non progressive

Movement of E. coli trophozoite stage

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Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

What parasite and stage has a pseudopodia shape of finger-like?

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Entamoeba coli trophozoite

What parasite and stage has a pseudopodia shape of blunt?

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RBCs

What does E. histolytica have that makes it different from E. coli trophozoite?

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Bacteria, yeast, cell debris

What does E. coli have that makes it different from E. histolytica trophozoite?

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CLEAN-LOOKING

CLEAN-LOOKING or DIRTY-LOOKING. Endoplasm of Entamoeba histolytica

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DIRTY-LOOKING

CLEAN-LOOKING or DIRTY-LOOKING. Endoplasm of Entamoeba coli

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Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

Which parasite has a uninucleated nucleus with central karyosome

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Entamoeba coli trophozoite

Which parasite has a uninucleated nucleus with eccentric karyosome

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less than or equal to 4

Number of nuclei of E. histolytica cyst

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greater than 4 (mature: 8)

Number of nuclei of E. coli cyst

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Cigar/rod/coffin-lid shaped

What are the chromatoidal bar shape of E. histolytica cyst

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Witch-broom/splintered/needle like

What are the chromatoidal bar shape of E. coli cyst

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Thick

THICK or THIN. Nuclear membrane of E. coli

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THIN

THICK or THIN. Nuclear membrane of E. histolytica

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Intestinal amoebiasis

Most common pathology of Amoebiasis

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Amoebic dysentery

This pathology is caused by E. histolytica and is differentiated by another pathogen by the presence of Charcot-Leyden Crystals

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Amoebic colitis

This is the ulceration of the intestine and is caused by E. histolytica

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Flask-shaped

What shape is the ulcer when there is an amoebic colitis?

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Extraintestinal amoebiasis

This type of pathogen occurs due to its motility

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Hepatic amoebiasis

This is the most common extraintestinal amoebiasis

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Anchovy sauce-like appearance

Amoebic liver abscess has a what type of appearance?

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Hepatic amoebiasis, Pulmonary amoebiasis, Cerebral amoebiasis, Amebic pericarditis, Cutaneous amoebiasis, Genital amoebiasis

What are the 6 Extraintestinal Amoebiasis?

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Cytoadherence

This is use for the attachment to large intestine

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Galactose/N-acetyl galactosamine

What type of lectin has a characteristic to attach to the large intestine? (Full name)

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Caspase-3

Which factor causes apoptotic death of mucosal cells

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Myosin IB

Which factor ingests RBC?

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Entamoeba histolytica

Myosin IB results in presence of RBCs in what amoeba?

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Amebapores

These factors are pore-formers and causes ulceration of tissues/cells of the host

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Cysteine proteinase

This is the most virulent factor

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Cysteine proteinase

Which factor causes tissue invasiveness that leads to extraintestinal amoebiasis

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Trophozoite motility

What is observed in the Saline solution direct fecal smear?

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Saline + Methylene Blue

Which type of DFS is used for Entamoeba species wherein they are stained blue?

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Saline + Lugol’s iodine

This is where only nucleus of E. histolytica cyst can be observed

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Stramenophile

Blastocystis hominis does not have an exact taxonomic classification which means they are?

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Blastocystis hominis

This amoeba is commensal but it may cause diarrhea to some immunocompromised patient

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Dientamoeba fragilis

This amoeba can be transported by pinworm to man

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Rosette-shaped

The shape of Dientamoeba fragilis nuclei

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Commensal, Ameboflagellate, has no cyst stage

Characteristics of Dientamoeba fragilis

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Chronic infection of Dientamoeba fragilis may mimic what?

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Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

N. fowleri is the causative agent of?

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Naegleria fowleri

This parasite is thermophilic wherein they can survive up to 30 degrees celsius

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Promitosis

N. fowleri multiplies through?

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TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE. The nuclear membrane of N. fowleri does not break down

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Cerebrospinal fluid

Specimens used in diagnosing N. fowleri

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Spinal tap

Cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosing N. fowleri is collected through?

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Escherichia coli

When diagnosing N. fowleri in culture, non nutrient medium with Page’s saline seeded with living what?

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1 mg/L chlorine solution, pH 8-8.01, Place in 38 degrees celsius

Ways to eliminate N. fowleri

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Uninucleated with rounded chromatoidal bars

Cyst of N. fowleri

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Amoeboid

Which for of the trophozoite of N. fowleri can be recognized in humans?

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Flagellated

Which form of N. fowleri trophozoite does not divide

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Acanthamoeba castellani

What is the most common Acanthamoeba species?

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Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis

This is a destructive encephalopathy and associated with meningeal irritation

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Amebic keratitis

This is associated with improperly disinfected contact lenses when cleaned with tap water or impure lens solution

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Discharges, exudates, tissue secretions

Specimen used for Acanthamoeba species

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Bacterial growth

The antibiotics added when culturing Acanthamoeba species removed unwanted?

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Balamuthia mandrillaris

The pathology of this amoeba is similar with Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis

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Finger-like pseudopodia

Characteristic of Balamuthia mandrillaris trophozoite

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Spherical

Shape of Balamuthia mandrillaris cyst

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Sappinia diploidea

This is a newly recognized human pathogen causing amoebic encephalitis

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Ciliates

Phylum ciliophora is also known as?

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Balantidium coli

The only member of Phylum ciliophora