Studied by 1 person
Fungous allergies
allergies may result from sensitization to specific fungal antigens
Mycotoxicoses
fungi may elaborate or indirectly generate substances that have a toxic effect
Mycoses
Infection produced by fungi which may be classified according to the areas of body affected by fungi
Superficial mycoses
Cosmetic fungal infections of the skin or shaft
Malassezia furfur
Causative agent of tinea/pityriasis versicolor
Tinea/pityriasis versicolor
Chronic recurrent condition involving stratum corneum of skin
Tinea/pityriasis versicolor
Characterized by scaly patches of hypo to hyper pigmentation of skin of moist humid areas
Seborrheic dermatitis
dandruff in adults and Cradle cup in babies
Malassezia furfur
Cluster budding yeast or Spaghetti and meatballs appearance in 10% KOH preparation
Malassezia furfur
fried egg colonies in SDA culture with olive oil overlay
golden yellow fluorescence
appearance of tinea versicolor in Wood's lamp
Positive
Test for urease in M. furfur
Topical lotions: Selenium sulfide shampoo, ketoconazole shampoo or cream, and terbinafine cream
Treatment for Tinea versicolor
Hortaea werneckii
Most common causative agent of tinea nigra
Exophiala werneckii and Phaeoannellomyces werneckii
Other causative agents of tinea nigra
Tinea nigra
Characterized by painless, black, non-scaly patches present on palm and sole (thick skin) more commonly in females
Hortaea werneckii
Black colored yeast-like fungus
Topical ketoconazole cream
Treatment for Tinea nigra
Hortaea werneckii
Branched, septate hyphae with 2 celled oval yeast cells with melanized cell walls
Hortaea werneckii
Black, yeasty colonies that develop short olive gray mycelia with age
Piedra
Infection of hair shaft that produces hair breakage due to poor personal hygiene
White piedra
Fungal infection of facial, axillary, or genital hairs and less common in scalp
White piedra
Soft, white, yellowish, beige, or greenish nodules on hair shaft and less firmly attached
10% KOH or 25% NaOH with glycerol
Microscopic examination for white piedra
Trichosporon beigelii
Causative agent of white piedra
White piedra/Trichosporon beigelii
Intertwined hyaline septate hyphae breaking up into oval or rectangular arthroconidia
White piedra/Trichosporon beigelii
Raised, waxy appearance colonies and radial furrow and irregular folds on SDA or PDA
Positive
Test for urease in T. beigelii
White piedra/Trichosporon beigelii
Showed septate hyphae, arthroconidia, and budding blastoconidia on Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) mounts
Black piedra
Fungal infection of hair scalps less common in beard and pubic areas
Black piedra
Hard, dark brown to black gritty nodules firmly attached on hair shaft
Piedraia hortae
Causative agent of black piedra
Black piedra/Piedraia hortae
Compact masses of dark, septate hyphae with round to oval asci containing 2-8 on 10% KOH
Cutaneous mycoses/dermatomyces
Causes Tinea/Ringworm Infections that extend deeper into epidermis
Cutaneous mycoses/dermatomyces
Restricted to keratinized layers of skin, hair, and nails
Dermatophytes
Causative agents of cutaneous mycoses
Microsporum spp.
Infect skin and hair
Epidermophyton spp.
Infect skin and nail
Trichophyton spp.
Infect skin, hair, and nail
Microsporum: Macroconidia
Rough/thin to thick walled and spindle shaped that contains 4-15 cells and numerous in number
Microsporum: Microconidia
Club shaped, single and few in number
Epidermophyton: Macroconidia
Smooth/thin walled and club shaped that contains 2-5 cells and Numerous in number
Trichophyton: Macroconidia
Smooth/thin walled and pencil shaped that contains 3-7 cells and few in number
Trichophyton: Microconidia
Round to club shaped in grapelike clusters and few to numerous in number
Tinea capitis
Ringworm of scalp
Tinea capitis
Circular bald patches with short hair stubs or broken hair within hair follicles
Trichophyton verrucosum
Causative agent of kerion of tinea capitis
Favus
most severe type of tinea capitis
Trichophyton schoenleinii
Causative agent of favus of tinea capitis
Ectothrix
fungus on surface of hair
Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Causative agents of Ectothrix of tinea capitis
Endothrix
fungus inside hair shaft
Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton violaceum
Causative agents of endothrix of tinea capitis
Tinea barbae
Ringworm of beard hair
Tinea barbae
Edematous and erythematous lesion
Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Causative agents of Tinea barbae
Tinea manuum
Ringworm of hands
Tinea manuum
Dry scaling eruption of one palm
Trichophyton rubrum
Causative agent of Tinea manuum
Tinea unguium
Ringworm of nails Also known as onychomycosis
Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum
Causative agents of tinea unguium
Tinea corporis
Ringworm of body
Tinea corporis
Pruritic Clinical patches with advancing red, vesiculated border and central scaling
Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Causative agents of tinea corporis
Tinea cruris
Ringworm of groin Also known as Jock Itch
Tinea cruris
Pruritic Erythematous scaling lesion in intertriginous areas
Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum
Causative agents of tinea cruris
Tinea pedis
Ringworm of interdigital spaces of foot Also known as Athlete’s Foot
Acute tinea pedis
itching and red vesicular
Chronic tinea pedis
itching, scaling, and fissures
Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum
Causative agents of tinea pedis
Microsporum audouinii
Pectinate (comb-like) septate hyphae with terminal chlamydoconidia with pointed ends
Microsporum audouinii: Tinea capitis
Intercalary chlamydoconidium
Microsporum canis
Numerous thick-walled, spindle-shaped macroconidia with tapered ends and contains 6-15 cells; Zoophilic
Microsporum canis: Tinea capitis, corporis, and barbae
Pyriform shaped conidia
Microsporum gypseum
Produces numerous thin-walled, elliptical macroconidia and contains 4-6 cells and geophilic
Microsporum gypseum: Tinea capitis, corporis, favosa
Ellipsoidal 4-6 cells in macroconidia
Epidermophyton floccosum
Macroconidia present only
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Hair Perforation Test (+) and Urease (+)
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Round clustering microconidia and Cigar shaped macroconidia
Trichophyton mentagrophytes: All types of Tinea
Spiral hyphae “en grappe”
Trychophyton rubrum
Forms deep red reverse on PDA and Tear-drop shaped microconidia
Trychophyton rubrum
HPT (-) and Urease (-)
Trychophyton rubrum: All types of Tinea
“en thyrse”
Trychophyton verrucosum
Produces only chlamydoconidia on SDA or PDA and Elongated rat tail macroconidia on thiamine-enriched media
Trychophyton verrucosum: Tinea corporis and barbae
Ringworm in cattle
Trychophyton verrucosum
Culture requires inositol
Trichophyton tonsurans
Thiamine dependent
Trichophyton tonsurans: Tinea capitis and corporis
Originates from aborigines
Trichophyton schoenleinii: Tinea capitis, favosa, and corporisfavus
Scutula or Permanent hair loss
Trichophyton schoenleinii
Causes favus type of tinea capitis
Favus of Tinea Capitis
pale green in Wood's lamp
Ectothrix of Tinea Capitis
bright green in Wood's lamp
Hair perforation test
put infected hair and small amount of water and a drop of yeast extract solution; Incubate at 30C for 7 days
Trichophyton rubrum
Negative for hair perforation test
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
positive for hair perforation test
Subcutaneous mycoses
infections initially involve the deeper layers of dermis, subcutaneous tissue, or bone. Most infections have a chronic or insidious growth pattern and characterized by granuloma
Sporotrichosis
Chronic subcutaneous pyogranulomatous disease
Rose Gardener’s Disease
Other name of sporotrichosis
Sporothrix schenckii
Thermally dimorphic fungi that can cause sporotrichosis
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