UNIT 5 intro to sexual reproduction & Heredity

sexual reproduction

is when organisms reproduce using 2 peoples DNA

somatic cells

all body cells except reproductive cells (sperms and eggs)

diploid cells

cells that contain 2 sets of chromosomes from mom and dad

all somatic cells are what

diploid cells

gametes

are reproductive cells(sperm and eggs)

gametes/ reproductive cells are what

haploid cells

haploid cells

only contain one set of chromosomes

how does fertilization occur?

one gamete from each parent fuse together and forms a fertilized diploid.

meiosis

cell division that creates haploid cells from diploid cells

zygote

a fertizilied egg

genes

are the sequences or pieces of DNA that have instructions to produce proteins or functional pieces of RNA

Heredity

is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

gene locus

is the name of where the gene is located on the chromosome

sister chromatids

are exact copies of the same chromosomes held together at the centromere

autosomes

are all chromosomes that are NOT sex chromosomes

sex chromosomes

are chromosomes that are either X or Y and decide if your male or female

what happens during meiosis 1?

this is the first cell division with the repeat of PMAT

what is a tetrad?

a tetrad is a group of four chromosomes

what is crossing over in Prophase 1?

crossing over is when non sister chromatids with nearby homologous chromosomes exchange segment of DNA

what is a chiasmata

this is where crossing over happens, the x-shaped regions where homologous chromosome pairs make direct contact