Greek Worlds 1A, History

What did early lyric poetry think tyranny showed?

Wealth and power

What was Solon’s view on tyranny?

Tyranny = monarchy = bad

What was Pindar’s view on tyranny?

Tyranny = monarchy = unproblematic

What was Herodotus’ view on democracy?

Democracy trumps tyranny

What kind of leaders were tyrants?

Populist

Who did Cypselus overthrow to become tyrant of Corinth?

The Bacchiads

Who wrote the two versions of Cypselus’ rise to power?

Herodotus and Nicolaus of Damascus

What did Cypselus reorganise in Corinth?

The tribal structure

Who took over as tyrant after Cypselus?

His son Periander

What does Periander introduce in Corinth?

A boule (council) and laws to limit expenditure and displays among the rich

What laws had Solon passed in Athens before the Peisistratus?

Laws to prevent tyranny

When does Aristotle say that there were three factions in Athens?

565 BCE

What were the three factions in Athens?

The men of the Coast, The men of the Plain, The men of the Hill

What does Herodotus claim is Peisistratus’ first attempt to gain power?

He wounded himself in order to claim a personal guard to conquer the acropolis

What was Peisistratus’ second attempt?

He married Megacles’ daughter and is escorted back to Athens, but after he doesn’t sleep with her he is forced to leave Athens again

What was Peisistratus’ third attempt?

He goes to war against Athens and wins without much battle, he then expels the family of Megacles

Where else had Peisistratus conquered?

Naxos, Eretria, Pangion and Rhaikelos

What does Aristotle claim that Peisistratus tried to make the people?

A-political

What does Peisistratus ensure?

That he always has a family member in office

What does Peisistratus introduce in Athens?

Coinage

What is one of the theories about Peisistratus?

That he was the one to write down Homer as we know it

Who in the Peisistratis family was murdered?

Hipparchus

How many years after Hipparchus’ murder did tyranny last?

4

When was the Dawn of Democracy (the end of tyranny)?

508 BCE

When were Drakon’s laws introduced to Attica?

620 BCE

When did Solon’s reforms occur?

594/593 BCE

How long after Solon was Aristotle writing?

About 250 years

How long after Solon was Plutarch writing?

About 700 years

What is Solon known for abolishing?

Debts

What does Solon create based on the production of specific amounts of produce?

Tele

How many people are in the council that Solon creates?

400

How many people from each tribe are in Solon’s council?

100

What property class in Solon’s Athens was only allowed to attend assemblies and popular law courts?

Thetes

How long does Herodotus claim that Athens promised to observe Solon’s laws for?

10 years

How long does Aristotle claim that Athens promised to observe Solon’s laws for?

100 years

By what years had discontent in Athens reconfigured around 3 regional factions?

570s

Who led the men of the coast?

Megacles

Who led the men of the plain?

Lycurgus

Who led the men of the Hill?

Peisistratus

What does Herodotus claim that the Oracle of Delphi declared Lycurgus?

A god

Who was Lycurgus guardian of?

Leobetes, his nephew and the Spartan king

What kind of changes does Herodotus claim that Lycurgus made?

Historical and military

Who does not mention Lycurgus when talking about the history of Sparta?

Thucydides

What happened to children who were not deemed worthy of being raised in Lycurgus’ Sparta?

They were cast aside

What did Lycurgus redistribute to ensure that everyone had an equal share?

Land

What kind of money did Lycurgus insist on being used?

Iron

What else did Lycurgus introduce in Sparta to ensure equality?

Common messes

At what age were children in Sparta no longer raised by their parents, instead becoming children of the state?

7

What does Simonides compare women to in Poem 7?

Animals

Which animal does Simonides positively compare women to?

A bee

What biblical character does Simonides presentation of Pandora have similar themes to?

Eve

Who thinks that old men should not take young wives as they would be likely to have an affair?

Theognis of Megara

Who talks about Spartan women?

Xenaphon

Why does Xenophon think that women should be physically strong and fit?

To produce healthy children

Why does Pausanias present Cynics as ambitious and talented in his Description of Greece?

She breeds a winning horse for the Olympics

Where was Gortyn?

Crete

When was the Gortyn Law Code introduced?

450 BCE

What impacted the ‘importance’ of women in Gortyn?

If they were free or a slave

What did free women have the right to in Gortyn?

Property

What was one of the only things that higher status women were allowed to do?

Textile production

Alongside textile production, what things could lower status women be?

Nurses or vendors

What are some of empires that fell during the rise of the Persian Empire?

Lydian, Median and Egyptian

The Fall of Babylon

539 BCE

When does Darius I restore the kingship?

521 BCE

How many provinces does Darius I divide Persia into?

20 according to Herodotus, 29 according to contemporary Persian sources

What road does the Imperial Postal System travel along?

The Royal Road

The Fall of Lydia

546 or 547 BCE

The Invasion of Naxos

499 BCE

Does the invasion of Naxos succeed?

No

The Battle of Marathon

490 BCE

Who aids the Athenians in the Battle of Marathon?

The Plataeans

When did Xerxes invasion take place?

480 BCE

Who wins the Battle of Salamis?

The Greeks

When does the Greek alliance decide to mount a defence of Greece?

Around June 480 BCE

The Battle of Artemisium

480 BCE

Over how many days did the Battle of Artemisium take place?

3

What happened on the 1st day of the Battle of Artemisium?

The Persians lost 30 ships

What happened on the 2nd day of the Battle of Artemisium?

There were no engagements

What happened on the 3rd day of the Battle of Artemisium?

Intense fighting saw equal losses on both sides

The Battle of Thermopylae

480 BCE

Who leads the Greek force at Thermopylae?

Spartan king Leonides

How many men were in the total Greek force at Thermopylae

7,000

How many days did the Greeks manage to block the Persian’s progress for at Thermopylae?

2

Why did the Greek forces choose to force a battle near the Island of Salamis?

To re-take Attica

The Battle of Plataea

479 BCE

Who led the polis contingents of the Greek force?

The Spartan regent

What kind of battle was Salamis mainly?

Infantry

Persian War

499-449 BCE

When did Cleisthenes come into power?

508/7 BCE

What did Cleisthenes split the regional factions into?

Demes

What were demes then divided into?

Trittyes

How many people were in Cleisthenes boule?

500

How long was a term of office in Cleisthenes’ council?

1 year

What term was used for Cleisthenes form of government?

Isthnomia

What were the trittyes split into?

Tribes

How many tribes were there?

10

How many demes were there?

139

How many trittyes were there?

30

What do the council decide?

The agenda for the assembly