Greek Worlds 1A, History
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FlashcardsWhat did early lyric poetry think tyranny showed?
Wealth and power
What was Solon’s view on tyranny?
Tyranny = monarchy = bad
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What did early lyric poetry think tyranny showed?
Wealth and power
What was Solon’s view on tyranny?
Tyranny = monarchy = bad
What was Pindar’s view on tyranny?
Tyranny = monarchy = unproblematic
What was Herodotus’ view on democracy?
Democracy trumps tyranny
What kind of leaders were tyrants?
Populist
Who did Cypselus overthrow to become tyrant of Corinth?
The Bacchiads
Who wrote the two versions of Cypselus’ rise to power?
Herodotus and Nicolaus of Damascus
What did Cypselus reorganise in Corinth?
The tribal structure
Who took over as tyrant after Cypselus?
His son Periander
What does Periander introduce in Corinth?
A boule (council) and laws to limit expenditure and displays among the rich
What laws had Solon passed in Athens before the Peisistratus?
Laws to prevent tyranny
When does Aristotle say that there were three factions in Athens?
565 BCE
What were the three factions in Athens?
The men of the Coast, The men of the Plain, The men of the Hill
What does Herodotus claim is Peisistratus’ first attempt to gain power?
He wounded himself in order to claim a personal guard to conquer the acropolis
What was Peisistratus’ second attempt?
He married Megacles’ daughter and is escorted back to Athens, but after he doesn’t sleep with her he is forced to leave Athens again
What was Peisistratus’ third attempt?
He goes to war against Athens and wins without much battle, he then expels the family of Megacles
Where else had Peisistratus conquered?
Naxos, Eretria, Pangion and Rhaikelos
What does Aristotle claim that Peisistratus tried to make the people?
A-political
What does Peisistratus ensure?
That he always has a family member in office
What does Peisistratus introduce in Athens?
Coinage
What is one of the theories about Peisistratus?
That he was the one to write down Homer as we know it
Who in the Peisistratis family was murdered?
Hipparchus
How many years after Hipparchus’ murder did tyranny last?
4
When was the Dawn of Democracy (the end of tyranny)?
508 BCE
When were Drakon’s laws introduced to Attica?
620 BCE
When did Solon’s reforms occur?
594/593 BCE
How long after Solon was Aristotle writing?
About 250 years
How long after Solon was Plutarch writing?
About 700 years
What is Solon known for abolishing?
Debts
What does Solon create based on the production of specific amounts of produce?
Tele
How many people are in the council that Solon creates?
400
How many people from each tribe are in Solon’s council?
100
What property class in Solon’s Athens was only allowed to attend assemblies and popular law courts?
Thetes
How long does Herodotus claim that Athens promised to observe Solon’s laws for?
10 years
How long does Aristotle claim that Athens promised to observe Solon’s laws for?
100 years
By what years had discontent in Athens reconfigured around 3 regional factions?
570s
Who led the men of the coast?
Megacles
Who led the men of the plain?
Lycurgus
Who led the men of the Hill?
Peisistratus
What does Herodotus claim that the Oracle of Delphi declared Lycurgus?
A god
Who was Lycurgus guardian of?
Leobetes, his nephew and the Spartan king
What kind of changes does Herodotus claim that Lycurgus made?
Historical and military
Who does not mention Lycurgus when talking about the history of Sparta?
Thucydides
What happened to children who were not deemed worthy of being raised in Lycurgus’ Sparta?
They were cast aside
What did Lycurgus redistribute to ensure that everyone had an equal share?
Land
What kind of money did Lycurgus insist on being used?
Iron
What else did Lycurgus introduce in Sparta to ensure equality?
Common messes
At what age were children in Sparta no longer raised by their parents, instead becoming children of the state?
7
What does Simonides compare women to in Poem 7?
Animals
Which animal does Simonides positively compare women to?
A bee
What biblical character does Simonides presentation of Pandora have similar themes to?
Eve
Who thinks that old men should not take young wives as they would be likely to have an affair?
Theognis of Megara
Who talks about Spartan women?
Xenaphon
Why does Xenophon think that women should be physically strong and fit?
To produce healthy children
Why does Pausanias present Cynics as ambitious and talented in his Description of Greece?
She breeds a winning horse for the Olympics
Where was Gortyn?
Crete
When was the Gortyn Law Code introduced?
450 BCE
What impacted the ‘importance’ of women in Gortyn?
If they were free or a slave
What did free women have the right to in Gortyn?
Property
What was one of the only things that higher status women were allowed to do?
Textile production
Alongside textile production, what things could lower status women be?
Nurses or vendors
What are some of empires that fell during the rise of the Persian Empire?
Lydian, Median and Egyptian
The Fall of Babylon
539 BCE
When does Darius I restore the kingship?
521 BCE
How many provinces does Darius I divide Persia into?
20 according to Herodotus, 29 according to contemporary Persian sources
What road does the Imperial Postal System travel along?
The Royal Road
The Fall of Lydia
546 or 547 BCE
The Invasion of Naxos
499 BCE
Does the invasion of Naxos succeed?
No
The Battle of Marathon
490 BCE
Who aids the Athenians in the Battle of Marathon?
The Plataeans
When did Xerxes invasion take place?
480 BCE
Who wins the Battle of Salamis?
The Greeks
When does the Greek alliance decide to mount a defence of Greece?
Around June 480 BCE
The Battle of Artemisium
480 BCE
Over how many days did the Battle of Artemisium take place?
3
What happened on the 1st day of the Battle of Artemisium?
The Persians lost 30 ships
What happened on the 2nd day of the Battle of Artemisium?
There were no engagements
What happened on the 3rd day of the Battle of Artemisium?
Intense fighting saw equal losses on both sides
The Battle of Thermopylae
480 BCE
Who leads the Greek force at Thermopylae?
Spartan king Leonides
How many men were in the total Greek force at Thermopylae
7,000
How many days did the Greeks manage to block the Persian’s progress for at Thermopylae?
2
Why did the Greek forces choose to force a battle near the Island of Salamis?
To re-take Attica
The Battle of Plataea
479 BCE
Who led the polis contingents of the Greek force?
The Spartan regent
What kind of battle was Salamis mainly?
Infantry
Persian War
499-449 BCE
When did Cleisthenes come into power?
508/7 BCE
What did Cleisthenes split the regional factions into?
Demes
What were demes then divided into?
Trittyes
How many people were in Cleisthenes boule?
500
How long was a term of office in Cleisthenes’ council?
1 year
What term was used for Cleisthenes form of government?
Isthnomia
What were the trittyes split into?
Tribes
How many tribes were there?
10
How many demes were there?
139
How many trittyes were there?
30
What do the council decide?
The agenda for the assembly