ap gov unit 4 core american values and measuring/evaluating public opinion

federal reserve

is is the United States national Bank. It controls the value of the dollar by creating the right supply and demand.

individualism

people have the freedom to make their own choices. ex. wanting to read an unpopular book no one else likes

equality of opportunity

everyone should have a fair chance to succeed. ex. teachers cant pass/fail students based on their rate

free enterprise

businesses can do their stuff with little government control. ex. stores decide what to sell and not gov

rule of law

everyone must follow the law, even leaders. ex. cant arrest one person for shoplifting and not the other person for doing the same

limited government

the government has only the power the people give it. ex. bill of rights protecting freedom

name all core american values

individualism, equality of opportunity, free enterprise, rule of law, limited government

factors that influence political socialization

race, gender, family, religion, age, social media, friends, education, economic status, sexuality, geography, jobs, current events, news, media, entertainment

what factors to political socialization is the most important

family

how has americans perception of the nation and its government changed over time

it has declined because of events like watergate

benchmark

used before voting starts, provides comparisons

tracking polls

measure same group’s opinion changes over time

focus groups

researchers study group reactions to an idea/ candidate to predict how general public would react

entrance exit

predicts polls outcomes before votes are counted, who votes for who

name the different types of polls

benchmark, tracking, focus groups, entrance exit

how does the way a question is asked affect responses

leading questions can push people toward a certain answer, confusing wording can make results unreliable, yes/no questions may oversimplify issues

social desirability bias

people will tell interviewers what they want to hear rather than the truth

bradly effect

will vote for a certain race to prevent looking racist

how does a polls margin of error affect how results are seen

a small margin error= more accuracy. a large margin error= less accuracy. above or below 4% is bad

what margin of error is bad

above or below 4%

how do you identify the limitations of data required through a poll

sample size, sample bias, how questions are asked, when poll was taken

how do polls affect and/or are used by politicians, the media, and the general public

politicians: use them to choose policies thay align with public. media: uses polls that show changes (click bait). general public: to see what people think and make decisions (bandwagon effect)

bandwagon effect

doing something only because other people are doing it. public uses polls to see whos winning and vote for them

what policies would a democrat support

affordable healthcare, economic freedom, LGBTQ+ rights, free education, taxing the rich

what policies would a republican support

immigration control, more military funding, gun rights, lower taxes

what is the struggle at the heart of any policy debate

balance between liberty and order (how much control the gov should have)

what economic system best characterizes the usa’s economy

capitalist, free market (people/businesses can buy & sell with little gov control)

what issues are prioritized by republicans

smaller gov, free market, lower tax, traditional social values

what issues are prioritized by democrats

gov intervention, social justice, environmental protection, and expanded social programs (BLM, LGBTQ+)

how do you identify the limitations of a graph or chart

small sample size, inconsistent/exaggerated data, biases, sampling error (only available data)

economic policy supported by liberals

keynesian economics (spending)

economic policy supported by conservatives

supply-side (cut tax)

how would a believer in keynesian economics respond to an economic problem

increase spending to create right level of demand

how would a believer in supply-side economics respond to an economic problem

cut taxes on wealthy to increase demand

what role does the federal reserve play in economy

maintains economic stability, promoting growth and ensures health of financial system (sets discount rates)

liberal

government should help people but protect personal freedom

conservative

government should support traditional values but not control businesses

libertarian

government should stay out of both personal and business matters

authoritarian

government should have strong control over both business and person life

which political party would support a single-payer healthcare system

libertarian policy because it provides universal healthcare. taxes (gov runs) pay for health

name all ideologies on the nolan chart

liberal, conservative, libertarian, authoritarian

according to hamilton why is the judiciary the weakest of the three branches

it lacks the power to enforce decisions, depends more on other branches—very limited authority

which court solidified the argument made about the supreme courts power in fed 78

brown v board of education

fed 78

explains why judges need tenure. hamilton argues this keeps them independent, protects rights and ensures they can check congress without political pressure

brown v board

proved the supreme courts power to overturn unconstitutional laws and protect rights through judicial review

what was the effect of the supreme court’s decision in mcculloh v maryland

congress has the power to establish national banks

natural rights

rights people are born with. ex. life, liberty, and property

popular sovereignty

government power comes from the people

republicanism

people elect representatives to make decisions for them

social contract

people agree to follow laws in exchange fro gov protection

5 ideals of democracy

popular sovereignty, natural rights, republicanism, social contract, limited government