Muscular System, Nervous System, and Endocrine System Terminology

This set of flashcards covers key terminologies and concepts related to the muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems, as discussed in the lecture notes.

What is FLEXION in terms of body movement?

Action that bends a part of the body anteriorly, except at the knee which moves the lower leg posteriorly.

Define EXTENSION in body movement.

Action that bends a part of the body posteriorly, except at the knee which straightens the lower leg.

What is DORSIFLEXION?

The position when on the heels with the toes pointing up off the floor.

What does PLANTAR FLEXION refer to?

Position on tiptoes with the heels off the floor.

Describe the function of the ORIGIN of a muscle.

Attachment of a muscle to a bone or structure that does NOT move when the muscle contracts.

What is the role of the INSERTION of a muscle?

Attachment of a muscle to a bone or structure that does move when the muscle contracts.

What is the action of the ORBICULARIS OCULI muscle?

Closes the eye.

What are the origins and actions of the FRONTALIS muscle?

Originates from the sheath of fibrous tissue over the top of the skull and raises eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead.

What does the TEMPORALIS muscle do?

Elevates, retracts, and causes medial and lateral excursion of the mandible.

What is the action of the MASSETER muscle?

Compresses cheeks.

What is the primary function of the DIAPHRAGM muscle?

Prime mover for breathing.

What is the role of the SERRATUS ANTERIOR muscle?

Protracts the shoulder.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system).

What are the three basic parts of a neuron?

Dendrites, body, and axon.

What is the function of the MYELIN SHEATH in neurons?

Covers and insulates the axons, facilitating the conduction of nerve impulses.

Name the three membranes that line the cranial and vertebral cavities.

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and Pia mater.

What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its function?

A clear fluid that circulates between the ventricles and the subarachnoid space to bathe the brain and spinal cord, providing buoyancy and protection.

What are the functions of the pituitary gland?

Hormone secretion controlled by the hypothalamus, affecting various bodily functions.

Define TARGET TISSUE in the context of the endocrine system.

The tissue where hormones take effect because it has receptors for those hormones.

What do SENSORY neurons do?

Transmit sensory information to the central nervous system.

What is the composition of blood?

A connective tissue comprised of plasma (fluid matrix) and formed elements (cells and cell parts).