Understanding The Self

Philosophy

the academic study of anything.

Philo

love

sophia

wisdom

Plato

•Separation of the body and soul.

•The soul has three parts: rational, spiritual soul, appetitive soul.

•The true self is the rational soul.

Appetitive soul (APPETITE)

bodily desire, located at the abdomen

Spiritual soul (WILL)

feelings and emotions, located at the middle (heart)

Rational soul (INTELLECT)

located at the brain, reflection and analyzing capable of discerning the good and the bad

Self for plato

rational and immortal

Aristotle

•The human person is a rational animal

•The human person is a composite of body and soul

•The soul has three levels: vegetative, sensitive, and rational.

Self for Aristotle

a unified creature

Hylomorphic sense of self

every physical object has matter and form.

Vegetative soul

is present in plants, able to grow, reproduce, and feed itself

Sensitive soul

is present in animals, able to feel

Rational soul

is present in humans, able to think/reason, able to reflect

Privation

explains the existence of things which “may not really be existing”

True Self (St. Augustine of Hippo)

is to have knowledge and acceptance of God’s love

Essence

What makes a thing what it is.

Purpose

Why a particular thing exists

Inductive Method

Attaining certainty through investigation and experimentation

Cartesian Dualism

The material body and the non-material mind

Mind (Rene Decartes)

superior to the body

Human Beings (Thomas Hobbes)

are naturally greedy and unruly

Authentic Person (Jean Paul Sartre)

is someone who is truly free

Existence (Jean Paul Sartre)

precedes essence

Authentic Person (Søren Kierkegaard)

leap of faith

Aesthetic stage

This moment when the addict enjoys a lower form of pleasures

Ethical stage

the drug addict goes to a rehabilitation center. He realizes that he needs to be a responsible citizen in the country. On the moment that the addict convert becomes conscious of the laws and respect other people

Religious stage

When this person believes in God

Authentic Person (Friedrich Nietzsche)

is to become an Übermensch

camels “beast of burden”

we follow whatever our faith or culture tells us

lion “conqueror”

the moment we start questioning our society or religion, and also kill the dragon

child “creator”

we create our own rules in life

Übermensch

growing and actualizing our potentials

Dasein

being-in-the-world; being-in-itself; beingthrown-in-the-world; being-unto-death

Throwness

being born into conditions that are not products or our choices

Being-in-itself

being a separate individual apart from everyone else

Being-unto-death

Born to die

Nirvana (Siddhartha Gautama Buddha)

The highest form of enlightenment

Middle way

Giving up riches in life and moderating your needs

The four noble truths

There is suffering in the world, There is a reason for this suffering, There is an end to this suffering, We can end this suffering through the noble eightfold path

The eightfold path

right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right efforts, right mindfulness, right concentration

3 Core Values OF Self-Improvement

￭Filial Piety

￭Humaneness

￭Ritual Consciousness

filial piety

respect for elders is a superior custom than any law in society

Self for K’ung Fu-Tzu (Confucius)

an ETHICAL PERSON and a

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