Blood Vessels and Circulatory System

These flashcards cover key concepts about blood vessels, including their types, functions, and measurements of blood pressure.

What are the two main types of blood vessels discussed in the notes?

Arteries and veins.

What are arterioles?

Small branches of arteries that lead to capillary beds.

What is the primary function of capillaries?

Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What differs between capillaries and venules?

Capillaries exchange gas, while venules collect deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

How do arteries primarily carry blood?

Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.

How does the pulmonary system differ from systemic circulation?

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart.

What is the purpose of venous valves?

To prevent backward flow of blood as it returns to the heart.

What happens to blood pressure as it moves from arteries to capillaries?

Pressure decreases significantly, allowing safe gas exchange without damaging capillaries.

What potentially dangerous condition can occur due to prolonged immobility during flights?

Blood clots in limbs due to blood pooling.

What is the term for drawing blood from veins?

Venipuncture.

Why are veins typically used for blood draws?

Their walls are thinner and they contain less pressure than arteries.

What is the difference between systole and diastole?

Systole is the contraction phase of the heart, and diastole is the relaxation phase.

What is the 'gold standard' for measuring blood pressure?

Direct measurement through catheterization of an artery.

What does an oscillometric device measure?

Indirect blood pressure by detecting the oscillations of the arterial wall.

What is the mean arterial pressure?

The average pressure in a person's arteries during one cardiac cycle, crucial for assessing organ perfusion.

What is the significance of mean arterial pressure being below 60 mmHg?

It indicates potential hypoperfusion to the kidneys and brain, which can lead to serious health issues.