Plant Responses, Earth's Spheres, and Climate

Flashcards about Plant Responses, Earth's Spheres, and Climate

What is positive tropism?

Movement or growth towards the sunlight

What is negative tropism?

Movement or growth away from the sunlight

Name four ways on how plants respond to stimuli.

Receptor Cells, Plant Hormones (Phytohormones), Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms, Cellular Responses

What do Receptor Cells do?

Detect environmental stimuli, perceive changes in the external environment, and detect the entry of any Pathogen

Name three physical defenses in plants.

Thorns, spikes, and trichomes

What are plant hormones responsible for?

Plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli

What are Auxins involved in?

Cell elongation, tropic responses, and apical dominance

What do Gibberellins stimulate?

Stem elongation, seed germination and flowering

What do Cytokinins promote?

Cell division and influence lateral bud development

What is Abscisic Acid (ABA) involved in?

Stress responses and seed dormancy

What does Ethylene regulate?

Fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and stress responses

What is Phototropism?

A plant's response to light

What is Hydrotropism?

A plant’s response to water

What is Gravitropism?

A plant’s response to gravity

What is Thigmotropism?

How a plant moves or grows in response, or in contact with something

What are the two types of crust?

Oceanic crust and continental crust

What is the Mantle made of?

Iron and Magnesium

The Earth's magnetic field is generated from which part of the core?

Outer core

How are Sedimentary rocks formed?

Formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles and other fragments of materials

How are Metamorphic rocks formed?

Formed under Earth’s surface due to intense heat and pressure

How are Igneous rocks formed?

Formed when magma cools & hardens

What are the physical properties of minerals?

Luster, Streak, Cleavage, Fracture, Texture, Color, and Hardness

Define Mechanical Weathering.

When rocks become smaller without changing their composition

Define Chemical Weathering.

When rocks break down by changing their chemical composition

Define Evaporation.

Water changes from liquid to a gas

Define Condensation.

When gas turns into liquid

Define Precipitation.

When water falls from the sky

Define Infiltration.

Water soaks into the ground

Define Transpiration.

Plants release water vapor through their leaves

Define Sublimation.

Solid turns into gas without becoming liquid first

What does the Geosphere contain?

Rocks, minerals, and landforms that make up the planet's crust, mantle, and core

What does the Lithosphere consist of?

The Earth's crust (both continental and oceanic) and the uppermost part of the mantle

What are the functions of the Atmosphere?

Moderate the Earth's temperature, Protects life from harmful solar radiation, and facilitates weather patterns through processes like evaporation, condensation, and wind circulation.

What does the Greenhouse Effect do?

Greenhouse gases that traps heat and maintain Earth's temperature within a habitable range

What does the Ozone Layer do?

Absorbs and filters ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun

What does the Cryosphere refer to?

Refers to the frozen water part of the Earth system, including snow cover, sea ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground (permafrost)