Topic 6 types of study

ESM

Experience sampling method

ESM methods

Pager, phone, app

Example of an ESM app

Randall et al 2022 MuPsych

Research process QDMOAIKR

Question-design-methods-observations-analysis-interpretation-knowledge-repeat

Mixed methods

Quantitative and qualitative

Types of interview questions

Open or closed

Types of cue

Verbal and non verbal

Structuring interviews

Structured, semi-structured, unstrctured

Ways of recording interviews

Audio, video, transcribe

When to use open and closed questions

Open with open, close with close

Role of the interviewer

Neutral, impartial observer

Types of question in a good interview

Short multiple questions, not long leading questions

How many people in a focus group?

7-10

Who is used in a focus group?

Individuals with some background or experience

What are focus groups often used in?

Market research

Observational study

Researcher watches the behaviour of others, without manipulation or interference

Coding

Creating categories from data

Why do we use multiple researchers for observation studies?

Avoids researcher bias

Who could we use in a case study?

Child prodigy, Alzheimer's, brain lesions

Case study example

94 year old Margret with Alzheimer's, had 18 months of music therapy. Supported self expression and personhood.

Why was the case study a good idea for Margret?

Qualitative data, on a rare topic

Role of correlation studies

Discovers a link between two naturally occurring events

Role of causation studies

Discovers which variables cause an event

Three types of correlation

Positive, negative, no correlation

NB on correlation

Not necessarily causation, there may be a third variable in play

Correlation coefficient symbol

r

What does the correlation coefficient measure?

The relation between two variables

0.00 to -1.00

Negative correlation

0.00 to 1.00

Positive correlation

0.00

No correlation

Process for causal experiments

Manipulate one variable

Three types of variable

Independent, dependent, control

Two types of result

Statistically significant, or not

Between-subject design

Comparing group to group

Within-subject design

Comparing person to person

Key question for meta analysis

Which studies do you include, or exclude

Which type of study does not involve data collection?

Theoretical studies