World Religions Q3 Content Test

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myth (basic religions)

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Description and Tags

164 Terms

1

myth (basic religions)

not a lie, but a story to explain truth

how and why of life

parables are myths

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2

totems (basic religions)

something that represents somethings else

eagle, bear, sun

identity component

mascot, idol

warrior, cross, social media

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3

taboos (basic religions)

actions that must be avoided

touching Ark of Covenant

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4

Sacrifice (basic religions)

something is given to appease, please, or provide for

spiritual disciplines, giving, time, Christ’s death

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5

sacred place (basic religions)

a place that is considered sacred

temple, tabernacle, synagogue, Mt. Sinai, our bodies

holy - set apart, sacred, revered, honored, hallowed

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6

sacred space (basic religions)

a space around a sacred place

mountain around the burning bush, temple

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7

magic (basic religions)

not slight of hand, but the ability to control nature

not like a card trick, witch doctor

immitative magic - voodoo doll

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8

fetish (basic religions)

good luck charm, used to control nature

is not sexual

horseshoe, good luck charm, four-leaf clover

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9

dances (Native American)

intended to appease spirits, gain their favor, intended to tell a story

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10

spirit world (Native American)

nature has many spirits in it

there is one supreme spirit (personal and abstract)

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11

Vision Quest (Native American)

venture out alone into the wilderness around age 13

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12

Medicine Man (Native American)

connected to the spirit world

able to heal others

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13

Peace Pipes (Native American)

way of connecting to the spirit world

could be tobacco, Peyote

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14

Animism (Native American)

all living things have a spirit, but they believe that this spirit is the spirit of the supreme

White people kill everything; Indians seek to prolong life

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15

Sacrifice - sundance (Native American)

self-inflicted pain

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16

taboos (Native American)

avoid the dead and gravesites

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17

Death/Afterlife (Native American)

belief in two souls, neither are immortal

one soul is life/breath - when the body dies it dies

the other soul is the free soul - it leaves the body during dreams and sickness; goes to the land of the dead after death and is free

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18

African Religions

have a belief in one supreme god who created the world, then withdrew (retired, impersonal, not involved)

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19

Lesser spirits (African)

they are believed to be forces much like humans but in the spiritual realm

they can impact humanity for good or evil

can be bartered with, sacrificed to, or flattered to influence them

they are numerous

ex. are mountains, streams, pools, plants, animals, storms

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20

Ancestor Spirits (African)

past relatives who have direct interest in the well being of those who are still living, unlike their god

ancestors can affect war outcomes, pregnancies, future, etc

treat your ancestors well now if you want them to do good to you and give you a happy life

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21

Leaders - diviner (African)

works as a healer of circumstances

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22

Leaders - Spiritual curer (African)

works for the healer of the body and the mind

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23

Leader - prophets (African)

only in some societies, their role is to speak on the behalf of the gods

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24

Sacrifice (African)

overarching way of life

can be some drink poured out or could be blood sacrifice

as severity rises, so does the sacrifice

they have done human sacrifice, but it is rare

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25

Rites of passage - birth (African)

twins are favored in some and killed in others

children are not usually named until after the first week because of the high death rate

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26

Rites of passage - puberty (African)

time to become an adult

taught how to act as men and women

boys go through whipping and fasting

girls put on weight by eating a lot

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27

rites of passage - marriage (African)

happens soon after becoming adults

some places allow polygamy and polyandry

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28

rites of passage - death (African)

make the dead very comfortable so they won’t bother you

embalming and mummification of great leaders

some people ponder the question of evil and its origin from the supreme god

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29

Hinduism - historical setting

2000 BC, white invaders to India (Aryan)

have a caste system

Indus Valley Civilization

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30

Caste System (Hinduism)

brahmin, ksatriya, vaisya, shudra, untouchables

BKVSU

Burger King’s Very Salty Unleavened-bread

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31

Brahmin (Hinduism)

priests, scholars, teachers (aryan)

educated people

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32

Ksatriya (Hinduism)

rulers, administrators, warriors

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33

Vaisya (Hinduism)

merchants, artisans, craftsman

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34

Shudra (Hinduism)

laborers, servants to all

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35

Untouchables (Hinduism)

renamed “scheduled castes”

Ghandi referred to them as Harijan “children of God”

mixed caste relationship, foreigners, handles polluted things

caste segregation is starting to dwindle

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36

mantras (Hinduism)

repeated prayers

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37

guru (Hinduism)

one who is liberated in this life

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38

vendata (Hinduism)

philosophy and spiritual of the religion

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39

karma (Hinduism)

major law over life

a moral cause and effect

all thoughts, gestures, decisions, and actions are released into the world and come back to us

circumstances of birth, our caste, and other aspects of life are a result of our own doing

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40

dharma (Hinduism)

the proper actions to do in life

written in the Code of Manu

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41

Samadhi (Hinduism)

trance like experience of union with the Brahman

can be during yoga

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42

Puja (Hinduism)

worship of one or several forms of god

typically done by sacrifice of grain, fruit, flower, incense, etc.

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43

atman (Hinduism)

human souls

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44

samsara (Hinduism)

to wander across

after death, life does not cease but moves to the next body

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45

gods - Brahman (Hinduism)

supreme, eternal, infinite, unknowable, sexless, without past present or future, totally impersonal

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46

gods - Brahma (Hinduism)

creator

he is the least favored of all of them

only has two temples in all of India

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47

gods - Vishnu (Hinduism)

preserver, the god of love, forgiveness, benevolence

engages in life often, enjoys pranks and tricks

has come to the earth in nine forms

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48

gods - Shiva (Hinduism)

the destroyer/dissolver (not necessarily bad)

most popular of the three

god of death, destruction, disease, dance

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49

lesser gods - shakti (Hinduism)

female counterpart of Shiva seen in three aspects

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50

lesser gods - parvati (Hinduism)

shiva’s mate

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51

lesser gods - durga (Hinduism)

beautiful female warrior goddess

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52

lesser gods - kali (Hinduism)

fierce blood thirsty form of power

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53

three ways to salvation (Hinduism)

works, knowledge, devotion

“the plight of human beings is that they are bound up in this world of illusion and ignorance, thinking that it is real, unaware of their true identification with Brahman” - Hopfe

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54

salvation - works (Hinduism)

must follow religious rites with no mistakes

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55

salvation - knowledge (Hinduism)

gain all knowledge to come to state of mind where karma has no effect

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56

salvation - devotion (Hinduism)

be fully devoted to gods, family, and boss in public and private

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57

stages of the upper caste men (Hinduism)

student, household, hermit, wandering beggars (sannyasi)

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58

moral goals (Hinduism)

one of the greatest sins is to kill a cow

pleasantness

patience

control of the mind (every pebble in the water)

not stealing

purity

control of senses

intelligence

knowledge

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59

Holy days - holi (Hinduism)

february and march

most popular

honor Krishna

emphasizes pleasure

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60

holy days - divali (Hinduism)

november

new year

festival of lights

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61

holy days - dasehra (Hinduism)

october

presents are given to honor Durga’s victory over the buffalo demon

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62

Religious Writings - vedas (Hinduism)

the only true Hindu book, all the rest are supplemental

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63

Rig-Veda (Hinduism)

a collection of hymns establishing the origins and mythology of the gods

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64

atharva-veda (Hinduism)

ruituals used in the home

prayers, spells, and incantations to ward off evil

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65

yajur-veda (Hinduism)

knowledge of rites, recited during sacrifices

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66

sama-veda (Hinduism)

mantras recited by the priest during sacrifices

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67

Vedas in four parts - hymns to the gods (Hinduism)

usually considered the oldest of material

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68

vedas in four parts - ritual material (Hinduism)

Brahamanas - this is how to perform sacrifices

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69

vedas in four parts - forest treaties (Hinduism)

aranyakas - the how to for hermits

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70

vedas in four parts - upanishads (Hinduism)

dialogues on existence (philosophy)

probably written around the 9th century BC

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71

Religious writings - Bhagavad-Gita (Hinduism)

a segment of the Mahabharata

this is a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna

teaches duty of each caste, acceptance of modes of salvation, and that Vishnu loves and is concerned for humans

ratifies much of the religion

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72

Sects - sankhya (Hinduism)

to remove oneself from the material world

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73

sects - yoga (Hinduism)

meditation is the key to yoga

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74

sects - mimansa (Hinduism)

obedience to laws and rites in the Vedas

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75

sects - vaisheshika (Hinduism)

earth, water, air, fire soul, mind, ether, time, and space are eternal

there is no need for god

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76

sects - nyaya (Hinduism)

concerded with a logical analysis of the world with the basic premise of the Vaisheshika belief of the eternals

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77

sects - vendata (Hinduism)

basically rejects the Vedas, hold to the Upanishadas

monotheists

believe that the human world is not actually real

the real problem is not sin or wickedness but ignorance

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78

number of Hindus worldwide

1 billion

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79

Buddhism historical setting

560 BC

Siddhartha Gautama Buddha

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80

nirvana (Buddhism)

the blowing out or extinguishing the flames of desire

not eating pizza if you desire pizza is suffering, but if you don’t have any desires, you are suffering

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81

dharma (Buddhism)

the teachings of Buddha

it is implied to mean moral behavior

(behave in a particular way)

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82

karma (Buddhism)

what is done by you, good or evil, will be repaid back to you

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83

mantra (Buddhism)

a phrase that is repeated

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84

bodhisattva (Buddhism)

one who has reached buddhahood (mahayana)

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85

dalai lama (Buddhism)

lead of the Tibetan sect

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86

founder of Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama

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87

Four Noble Truths (Buddhism)

all life is suffering

suffering is caused by desires

the end of suffering is possible

follow the eight-fold path to end pain

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88

Eight Fold Path (Buddhism)

right understanding of reality

right thought

right speech

right actions

right occupation

right effort

right meditation

right concentration

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89

burning incense (Buddhism)

offering to Buddha

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90

ouza (Buddhism)

like a rosary, count recitation of mantras

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91

a bell (Buddhism)

tells you when meditation is over

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92

meditation (Buddhism)

varies according to types of Buddhism

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93

Koan (Buddhism)

verbal puzzles that lead you to enlightenment

A cow passes by a window. Its head, horn, and four legs pass by. Why does its tail not pass by?

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94

reincarnation (Buddhism)

man is alive, man dies, man goes through samsara, all his Karma is still in him, but he is not in the same body, and he can gain the new body’s karma

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95

religious writings (Buddhism)

sutras - broken into three parts, aka Tripitaka (discourse, discipleship, doctrines)

telepathy

from within

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96

Thereveda Buddhism

Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia

Orthodox

He must seek enlightenment on his own with no help

focuses on Buddha as one person

more self-centered

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97

Mahayana Buddhism

China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Nepal

happiness

focuses on the many Buddhas

Buddhas exist to help us reach Nirvana

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98

Pure Land Sect (Buddhism)

belief in a land that can exist without sin and some will go to this place (like heaven)

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99

Syncritism (Buddhism)

mixing of worldviews

a Buddhist might have no problem with Jesus being one of their gods

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100

Intuitive Sect (Buddhism)

also known as Zen Buddhism

one of the schools of Mahayana

favored in the west

focus on the experience (the flashes of truth)

they have many real questions that make a person think, but there is no answer to them (Koan)

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