Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Kristen is investigating the opinions of students at her high school on the new school hours proposed by the school board. Which of the following is her population of interest?
All students at her high school
A sample of students will be selected from all the students at a high school. Which of the following sampling methods is least likely to produce a representative sample of the students?
From a randomly chosen home basketball game, choose every tenth student who enters the gymnasium.
A teacher at a culinary arts school will conduct an experiment to investigate which of three methods of instruction works best in teaching students how to make a good pie crust. Each student in a group of 60 students will be randomly assigned to one of three methods: in-person demonstration by the instructor, watching a video, and reading a recipe. The students will be assigned so that each method will have 20 students. Each pie crust made will be judged on its taste and texture. What are the treatments of the experiment?
The three methods of instruction
The manager of a shopping mall distributed a customer-satisfaction survey by handing it to people as they came through one of the doors to the mall one day. Of those handed out, 215 were completed and returned. Should the results of the survey be generalized to the population of all customers of the shopping mall?
No, because a random sample from all customers of the shopping mall was not selected.
Which of the following is a benefit to using a random sample for an observational study?
The results of the observational study can be generalized to the population.
Matt wants to investigate the opinions of young adults in the country, ages 18 years to 25 years, about time spent playing video games. He plans to administer a survey to a sample of people. Which of the following samples is most likely to generalize to his population of interest?
A nationwide sample of people ages 18 to 25
The president of a small company needs to collect data on the educational background of all 20 of the company's employees. Which of the following is the best method to use for data collection?
A census
To estimate the size of a typical housing unit in a certain town, a sociologist plans to use a cluster sampling method to gather data. Which of the following describes a cluster sampling method?
Divide the town into nonoverlapping regions. Randomly select from the nonoverlapping regions, and select all housing units in those regions.
A certain store has 3,000 employees working at its main location in a city and 100 employees working at a smaller location outside the city. The store manager will select a sample of 50 employees from all the employees to ask their opinions about extending store hours during the holidays. What is the advantage of selecting a stratified random sample, with location as strata, instead of a simple random sample?
The stratified sample assures that the opinions of employees from both locations will be represented.
A certain company has five departments, A, B, C, D, and E. The number of employees in each department is 10, 10, 20, 30, and 30, respectively. A sample of 10 employees from all employees will be selected. Of the following descriptions of sampling procedures, which is most likely to introduce a potential source of bias?
Randomly select 10 employees from department C
A scientist studying soil acidity collected soil samples from a plot of land with a stream running through it. The soil samples came from land located on only one side of the stream. What is the potential source of bias that might result from the sampling method?
Undercoverage bias
A survey will be sent to dog owners to investigate their opinions on multiple topics. Which of the following questions on the survey is most likely to contribute to question-wording bias?
Should responsible dog owners purchase pet insurance?
A company famous for its nacho-flavored corn chips has developed two new formulas, A and B, which they hope their customers will like even more than the original formula. To determine whether customers prefer one of the new formulas over the current nacho flavoring, a sample of 50 customers is obtained. Each customer tastes both formula A and formula B in a randomly assigned order and indicates which one they prefer more. Which of the following best describes this study?
This study is not well designed because formulas A and B are not compared with the original formula.
Thirty-six students at a local middle school were randomly selected to participate in a taste test to select a new menu item for a cafeteria. Each student was given a choice between the macaroni and cheese and the Cajun potato barrels. From the sample, 20 students selected macaroni and cheese and 16 students chose the Cajun potato barrels. Each student was asked to rate the item they chose on a scale from 1 (extremely dislike) to 9 (extremely like). Which of the following prevents this study from being a well-designed experiment?
The treatments (new menu item) were not randomly assigned to the students.
Diane wanted to demonstrate which pruning technique was best for controlling the growth of certain types of shrubs. She selected ten shrubs of the same type and randomly assigned each one to receive one of ten different pruning methods. Two weeks after pruning, she measured the regrowth, in inches, of the shrubs; the pruning method that minimized regrowth was recommended as the best method. Which of the following best describes why this is not a well-designed experiment?
Each pruning method was used on only one shrub.
A researcher conducted a study investigating the effect of computer screen time on a person's amount of REM sleep. The researcher randomly assigned 100 people into four groups. The first group was given 2 hours of computer screen time each day, the second group was given 4 hours each day, the third group was given 6 hours each day, and the fourth group was given 8 hours each day. The study was conducted for one week, and the amount of REM sleep for each person was measured. What is the explanatory variable in the study?
The amount of computer screen time
A researcher randomly selected 30 people to participate in a study to investigate which of two materials, A or B, used in the heels of sneakers will last longer. The researcher is considering two design types for the study.
I. Design 1: Randomly assign 15 participants to wear sneakers with material A on their left feet and material B on their right feet. The remaining participants will wear sneakers with material B on their left feet and material A on their right feet.
II. Design 2: Randomly assign 15 participants to wear sneakers with material A on both feet and the remaining participants to wear sneakers with material B on both feet.
Which of the following best describes each design?
Design 1 is a matched pairs design, and design 2 is a completely randomized design.
An experiment compared the adhesion of 2 types of paint, A and B, to 3 types of metal, 1, 2, and 3, used in automobiles. Thirty sheets of metal were used in the experiment: 10 of Metal 1, 10 of Metal 2, and 10 of Metal 3. Half of each metal type will receive paint A and the other half will receive paint B. The adhesion of the paints was measured, and the measures were compared. How many experimental units are in the experiment?
30
The two graduates with the greatest GPA from each of 14 randomly selected law schools were recruited to investigate a new method of preparation for a law exam. For each school, one student was randomly assigned to prepare using the standard method and the other student was assigned to prepare using the new method. At the end of the preparation, all 28 students were given the same exam, and their scores were recorded.
Which of the following best describes why a matched-pairs design is an appropriate design for the investigation?
Each law school served as a block, and the graduates were paired within each law school and randomly assigned to one of the two methods.
A pottery school wants to study whether the glaze of stoneware bowls is affected by the temperature used to harden the bowls. The study will use 3 different types of clay because glaze can affect different clay in different ways. Eight bowls will be made with each clay type for a total of 24 bowls, and 4 different temperatures will be used. What is the best design to use for the study?
A randomized block design. Randomly assign temperatures so that 2 bowls of each clay type are glazed at each temperature.
To investigate the effectiveness of an herbal medication for pain relief, a researcher randomly selected 80 patients who were undergoing physical therapy while recovering from an injury. Of the patients, 40 had knee injuries, 16 had arm injuries, and 24 had foot injuries. The researcher will use two treatments for the investigation: the herbal medication and a standard medication. After the patients are on the medication for two weeks, the amount of pain reduction will be measured for each patient. Which of the following best describes why a randomized block design is appropriate for the investigation?
Blocking on injury type will help to separate natural variability from differences due to injury type.
A professor at a large university plans to conduct a study to compare the effect of online texts versus regular printed texts on student learning. If the findings are to be generalized to all students at the university, which of the following must be part of the design?
The students in the study should be a random sample from the population of students at the university.
A researcher conducted an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of a medicated lotion in treating a skin irritation. A group of 80 people with a history of skin irritation volunteered for the study. Of the 80 people, 40 were randomly assigned the medicated lotion, and the remaining 40 were given a nonmedicated lotion. At the end of one month, the skin irritation had cleared for 36 people (90 percent) using the medicated lotion and 16 people (40 percent) using the nonmedicated lotion. Analysis of the results showed the difference was statistically significant. What can be concluded from the experiment?
There is enough evidence to conclude that the medicated lotion is more effective than the nonmedicated lotion in treating the skin irritation.
The owner of a plant nursery will conduct a study to investigate whether a new fertilizer is more effective than an older fertilizer in helping the growth of young tomato seedlings. The owner selects a simple random sample of 50 young tomato seedlings from all the young tomato seedlings in the nursery. Half of the selected seedlings will be randomly assigned to receive the new fertilizer, and the remaining seedlings will receive the older fertilizer. The growth of the seedlings will be recorded for the next month. What is the main reason in the study for selecting a simple random sample from the population?
A simple random sample selected from the population allows the results to be generalized to the population.
Note 
Flashcard (72)